Question 1

An individual with a 20-year history of smoking three packs/day who has emphysema has the following data: pH = 7.37; [HCO3−] = 28 mEq/L; Pco2 = 50 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
B)  Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
C)  Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation (chronic respiratory acidosis) 
D)  Respiratory acidosis without renal compensation (acute respiratory acidosis) 
E)  Metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis C

Question 2

An individual with diabetes mellitus who forgets to take insulin has the following data: pH = 7.29; [HCO3−] = 12 mEq/L; Pco2 = 26 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
B)  Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
C)  Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation (chronic respiratory acidosis) 
D)  Respiratory acidosis without renal compensation (acute respiratory acidosis) 
E)  Metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis

Question 3

A 6-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with fever,abdominal cramps,and diarrhea.Arterial blood gas measurements are as follows: pH: 7.28 (normal: 7.35 to 7.45) 
Pco2: 24 mm Hg (normal: 33 to 44 mm Hg) 
[HCO3−]: 11 mEq/L (normal: 22 to 28 mEq/L) 
What is the acid-base disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
B)  Metabolic acidosis with respiratory acidosis
C)  Acute respiratory acidosis
D)  Chronic respiratory acidosis

Question 4

A 60-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with shortness of breath.An arterial blood sample is obtained,and the following data are noted: Partial pressure of oxygen (Po2) : 75 mm Hg (normal: 75 to 100 mm Hg) 
Pco2: 58 mm Hg (normal: 33 to 44 mm Hg) 
[HCO3−]: 24 mEq/L (normal: 22 to 28 mEq/L) 
PH: 7.24 (normal: 7.35 to 7.45) 
What is the acid-base disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis
B)  Metabolic alkalosis
C)  Acute respiratory acidosis
D)  Acute respiratory alkalosis
E)  Chronic respiratory acidosis C

Question 5

An individual with cardiopulmonary arrest has the following data: pH = 6.85; [HCO3−] = 10 mEq/L; Pco2 = 60 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
B)  Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
C)  Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation (chronic respiratory acidosis) 
D)  Respiratory acidosis without renal compensation (acute respiratory acidosis) 
E)  Metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis

Question 6

During a 24-hour period,an individual excretes in the urine 60 mmol of NH4+,40 mmol of titratable acid,and 10 mmol of HCO3−.If this individual is in acid-base balance,how much nonvolatile acid was produced from metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  80 mmol/day
B)  90 mmol/day
C)  100 mmol/day
D)  110 mmol/day
E)  120 mmol/day

Question 7

An individual with a gastric ulcer who ingests large quantities of antacids has the following data: pH = 7.45; [HCO3−] = 30 mEq/L; Pco2 = 45 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
B)  Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
C)  Tespiratory acidosis with renal compensation (chronic respiratory acidosis) 
D)  Respiratory acidosis without renal compensation (acute respiratory acidosis) 
E)  Metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis

Question 8

An individual with an asthma attack; has the following data: pH = 7.32; [HCO3−] = 25 mEq/L; partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2) = 50 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
B)  Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
C)  Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation (chronic respiratory acidosis) 
D)  Respiratory acidosis without renal compensation (acute respiratory acidosis) 
E)  Metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis

Question 9

In response to metabolic acidosis,the kidneys increase the excretion of net acid.Which of the following is the most important component of this compensatory response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased filtered load of HCO3−
B)  Enhanced reabsorption of HCO3− by the proximal tubule
C)  Increased synthesis and excretion of NH4+
D)  Reduced H+ secretion by the distal tubule and collecting duct
E)  Reduced secretion of HCO3− by the collecting duct C

Exam 37: Role of the Kidneys in the Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

An individual with a 20-year history of smoking three packs/day who has emphysema has the following data: pH = 7.37; [HCO₃⁻] = 28 mEq/L; Pco₂ = 50 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct Answer
verified
C

An individual with diabetes mellitus who forgets to take insulin has the following data: pH = 7.29; [HCO₃⁻] = 12 mEq/L; Pco₂ = 26 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct Answer
verified

A 6-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with fever,abdominal cramps,and diarrhea.Arterial blood gas measurements are as follows: pH: 7.28 (normal: 7.35 to 7.45) Pco₂: 24 mm Hg (normal: 33 to 44 mm Hg) [HCO₃⁻]: 11 mEq/L (normal: 22 to 28 mEq/L) What is the acid-base disorder?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

An individual with cardiopulmonary arrest has the following data: pH = 6.85; [HCO₃⁻] = 10 mEq/L; Pco₂ = 60 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct Answer
verified

During a 24-hour period,an individual excretes in the urine 60 mmol of NH₄⁺,40 mmol of titratable acid,and 10 mmol of HCO₃⁻.If this individual is in acid-base balance,how much nonvolatile acid was produced from metabolism?

Correct Answer
verified

An individual with a gastric ulcer who ingests large quantities of antacids has the following data: pH = 7.45; [HCO₃⁻] = 30 mEq/L; Pco₂ = 45 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct Answer
verified

An individual with an asthma attack; has the following data: pH = 7.32; [HCO₃⁻] = 25 mEq/L; partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco₂) = 50 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct Answer
verified

In response to metabolic acidosis,the kidneys increase the excretion of net acid.Which of the following is the most important component of this compensatory response?

Correct Answer
verified
C

Exam 37: Role of the Kidneys in the Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

An individual with a 20-year history of smoking three packs/day who has emphysema has the following data: pH = 7.37; [HCO3−] = 28 mEq/L; Pco2 = 50 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

An individual with diabetes mellitus who forgets to take insulin has the following data: pH = 7.29; [HCO3−] = 12 mEq/L; Pco2 = 26 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A 6-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with fever,abdominal cramps,and diarrhea.Arterial blood gas measurements are as follows: pH: 7.28 (normal: 7.35 to 7.45) Pco2: 24 mm Hg (normal: 33 to 44 mm Hg) [HCO3−]: 11 mEq/L (normal: 22 to 28 mEq/L) What is the acid-base disorder?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedC

An individual with cardiopulmonary arrest has the following data: pH = 6.85; [HCO3−] = 10 mEq/L; Pco2 = 60 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During a 24-hour period,an individual excretes in the urine 60 mmol of NH4+,40 mmol of titratable acid,and 10 mmol of HCO3−.If this individual is in acid-base balance,how much nonvolatile acid was produced from metabolism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An individual with a gastric ulcer who ingests large quantities of antacids has the following data: pH = 7.45; [HCO3−] = 30 mEq/L; Pco2 = 45 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An individual with an asthma attack; has the following data: pH = 7.32; [HCO3−] = 25 mEq/L; partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2) = 50 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In response to metabolic acidosis,the kidneys increase the excretion of net acid.Which of the following is the most important component of this compensatory response?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

An individual with a 20-year history of smoking three packs/day who has emphysema has the following data: pH = 7.37; [HCO₃⁻] = 28 mEq/L; Pco₂ = 50 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct Answer
verified
C

An individual with diabetes mellitus who forgets to take insulin has the following data: pH = 7.29; [HCO₃⁻] = 12 mEq/L; Pco₂ = 26 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct Answer
verified

A 6-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with fever,abdominal cramps,and diarrhea.Arterial blood gas measurements are as follows: pH: 7.28 (normal: 7.35 to 7.45) Pco₂: 24 mm Hg (normal: 33 to 44 mm Hg) [HCO₃⁻]: 11 mEq/L (normal: 22 to 28 mEq/L) What is the acid-base disorder?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

An individual with cardiopulmonary arrest has the following data: pH = 6.85; [HCO₃⁻] = 10 mEq/L; Pco₂ = 60 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct Answer
verified

During a 24-hour period,an individual excretes in the urine 60 mmol of NH₄⁺,40 mmol of titratable acid,and 10 mmol of HCO₃⁻.If this individual is in acid-base balance,how much nonvolatile acid was produced from metabolism?

Correct Answer
verified

An individual with a gastric ulcer who ingests large quantities of antacids has the following data: pH = 7.45; [HCO₃⁻] = 30 mEq/L; Pco₂ = 45 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct Answer
verified

An individual with an asthma attack; has the following data: pH = 7.32; [HCO₃⁻] = 25 mEq/L; partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco₂) = 50 mm Hg.Which acid-base disturbance is consistent with this clinical scenario and these arterial blood gas measurements?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C