Question 1

Albert Bandura differed from other behaviorists in that he gave an important role to ____ in influencing human behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   reflexes
B)   cognition
C)   consequences
D)   punishments

Question 2

Carl Jung proposed that the unconscious consists of two layers, the ____ and the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   preconscious; subconscious
B)   personal unconscious; collective unconscious
C)   personal unconscious; universal preconscious
D)   individual archetype; collective archetype

Question 3

Abraham Maslow argued that humans have an innate drive toward

Accepted Answer

A)   superiority.
B)   personal growth.
C)   Oedipal resolution.
D)   reproductive fitness.

Question 4

Working hard to sell the most widgets for your employer in order to earn a bonus and paid vacation is behavior that is shaped by the prospect of

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcement.
B)   negative reinforcement.
C)   positive reinforcement.
D)   secondary reinforcement.

Question 5

One of the chief goals of terror management theory is to explain why people need

Accepted Answer

A)   death anxiety.
B)   self-esteem.
C)   contact comfort.
D)   defense mechanisms.

Question 6

Distinguish between how people generally describe punishment and
B.F. Skinner's description of the concept of punishment.

Accepted Answer

People generally describe punishment as ...

Question 7

Critics have described the psychodynamic perspective as:

Accepted Answer

A)   biased against females, empirically testable, and overemphasizing unconscious desires
B)   empirically untestable, but not biased against females
C)   biased against females and empirically untestable
D)   biased against females, empirically untestable, and overemphasizing unconscious desires

Question 8

According to Freud, a newborn baby is in the ____ stage of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

A)   anal
B)   latency
C)   oral
D)   phallic

Question 9

Behaviorists have provided the most thorough account of why people

Accepted Answer

A)   are only moderately consistent in their behavior.
B)   become fixated at particular stages of development.
C)   are not influenced by the consequences of their behavior.
D)   tend to react with aggression when they are frustrated.

Question 10

In classical conditioning, responses are said to be

Accepted Answer

A)   emitted.
B)   evoked.
C)   spontaneous.
D)   extinguished.

Question 11

The humanistic theorist who emphasized the need for self-actualization and the hierarchical organization of needs was

Accepted Answer

A)   J.B. Watson.
B)  F. Skinner.
C)   Alfred Adler.
D)   Abraham Maslow.

Question 12

The vast majority of personality tests take the form of

Accepted Answer

A)   self-report inventories.
B)   projective techniques.
C)   attitude inventories.
D)   achievement tests.

Question 13

According to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle is called the

Accepted Answer

A)   id.
B)   ego.
C)   superego.
D)   preconscious.

Question 14

Humanistic psychologists' major charge against the behaviorist and psychodynamic theories was that these models were

Accepted Answer

A)   based on personal growth.
B)   unscientific.
C)   dehumanizing.
D)   too optimistic.

Question 15

One criticism of the behavioral approach in the past is that

Accepted Answer

A)   cognition is not directly observable behavior.
B)   it focused too much on the unconscious.
C)   there was no scientific basis.
D)   there was too much research on people instead of other animals.

Question 16

Most psychological tests can be placed in one of two broad categories:

Accepted Answer

A)   IQ tests and attitude tests.
B)   aptitude tests and achievement tests.
C)   mental ability tests and personality tests.
D)   projective tests and standardized tests.

Question 17

It has been theorized that reactions to a terrorist attack cause people to

Accepted Answer

A)   be more likely to help others
B)   reaffirm their faith
C)   have less tolerance for differing views
D)   all of these

Question 18

According to Freud, in order to achieve healthy development, a child in the phallic stage must resolve the Oedipal complex and learn to ____ the same sex parent.

Accepted Answer

A)   annoy
B)   be fearful of
C)   deceive
D)   identify with

Question 19

The idea that people are active participants in their learning is the core of

Accepted Answer

A)   learning reinforcement.
B)   respondent learning.
C)   social learning.
D)   accidental learning.

Question 20

A witness to a brutal murder has trouble remembering any details of the crime. According to Freud, which defense mechanism is at work in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)   projection
B)   reaction formation
C)   regression
D)   repression

Exam 2: Theories of Personality

The humanistic theorist who emphasized the need for self-actualization and the hierarchical organization of needs was

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According to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle is called the

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Behaviorists have provided the most thorough account of why people

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Distinguish between how people generally describe punishment and B.F. Skinner's description of the concept of punishment.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIPeople generally describe punishment as ...View AnswerShow Answer

One of the chief goals of terror management theory is to explain why people need

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Most psychological tests can be placed in one of two broad categories:

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It has been theorized that reactions to a terrorist attack cause people to

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Humanistic psychologists' major charge against the behaviorist and psychodynamic theories was that these models were

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Carl Jung proposed that the unconscious consists of two layers, the ____ and the ____.

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The vast majority of personality tests take the form of

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A witness to a brutal murder has trouble remembering any details of the crime. According to Freud, which defense mechanism is at work in this example?

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Working hard to sell the most widgets for your employer in order to earn a bonus and paid vacation is behavior that is shaped by the prospect of

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The idea that people are active participants in their learning is the core of

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Albert Bandura differed from other behaviorists in that he gave an important role to ____ in influencing human behavior.

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One criticism of the behavioral approach in the past is that

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Abraham Maslow argued that humans have an innate drive toward

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According to Freud, a newborn baby is in the ____ stage of psychosexual development.

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According to Freud, in order to achieve healthy development, a child in the phallic stage must resolve the Oedipal complex and learn to ____ the same sex parent.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning, responses are said to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Critics have described the psychodynamic perspective as:

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People generally describe punishment as ...
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Carl Jung proposed that the unconscious consists of two layers, the and the .

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