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Exam 16: Language and Thought Part 2

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Question 1

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Basing the estimate of an event on how similar it is to the prototype of that event is called

A) the law of small numbers.
B) the conjunction fallacy.
C) the representativeness heuristic.
D) the availability heuristic.

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Question 2

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For a given individual, the personal worth of an uncertain outcome represents that outcome's ____________________.

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Question 3

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Attempting possible solutions to a problem, then discarding the ones that don't work until you find one that does, is called the ____________________ method of problem solving.

When people must choose between two alternatives, and they recognize one alternative but not the other, they often infer that the alternative they recognize has the higher value. This decision-making heuristic is called the

Summarize the effects of bilingualism on language and cognitive development.

The tendency to overestimate the probability of improbable events reflects the influence of the

In the Featured Study on intuitive decisions versus careful deliberation, the researchers found that when people are faced with complex choices, they tend to make better decisions

The tendency to keep using the same strategy over and over again when trying to solve a problem is known as functional fixedness.

Which of the following heuristics has been shown by evolutionary psychologists to be both simple and surprisingly effective?

Barriers to effective problem solving, such as functional fixedness and mental sets, BEST reflect the unifying theme in psychology that

To solve the "string problem" described in the text, you have to catch the screwdriver while holding the second string. This ____ problem is often solved in a burst of ____ when a person overcomes ____.

Semantic slanting refers to

The ____________________ is the belief that the odds of an uncertain event increase when the event has not occurred recently.

What occurs when people's belief about whether an outcome will occur changes depending on how alternative outcomes are distributed, even though the summed probability of the alternative outcomes is held constant?

When people decide to place bets on horse races, games of chance, and athletic events, they are

Briefly describe the key characteristics of language?

Zackary's friend asks how well Zackary gets along with his younger brother. Zackary thinks about how irritating his younger brother was yesterday, and the big fight they had as a result, and tells his friend that he doesn't get along with his brother at all. In this instance, Zackary's response is consistent with

Name and describe the three types of problems identified by Greeno (1978), and indicate which of the six approaches to problem solving discussed in your text would be helpful and unhelpful in solving each type of problem.

Research on bilingualism suggests that if a language acquisition device (LAD) exists, the LAD is most effective in allowing a person to easily learn a second language

____________________ is the area of language concerned with understanding the meaning of words and word combinations.