A) the amount of pain experienced at the start of the experiment
B) the amount of pain experienced at the end of the experiment
C) the degree to which pain symptoms changed between the start and the end of the experiment
D) the drug
E) All of the answers could be the independent variable.
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A) Findings can be misunderstood and misinterpreted.
B) Some studies are not done using the proper controls or scientific method,so they are unreliable;however,journalists often do not realize the distinction.
C) Media reports can come from sources that are not peer reviewed.
D) Media agencies may sensationalize news to draw more attention.
E) All of the above.
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A) sample size
B) independent variable
C) dependent variable
D) the type of study carried out
E) Both A and D.
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A) will likely yield a high degree of statistical significance.
B) is unacceptable in scientific studies.
C) is usually a benefit to researchers.
D) does not allow the use of dependent and independent variables.
E) None of the above.
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A) making initial observations that generate questions,studying the literature,generating hypotheses that are both testable and falsifiable,testing the hypothesis with experiments and analyzing the data,and making conclusions that are supported by data
B) generating hypotheses,conducting experiments,researching literature,making conclusions supported by the literature,and analyzing data
C) making initial observations that generate questions,generating hypotheses,studying the literature,conducting experiments based on literature,and making conclusions supported by data
D) generating hypotheses based on published literature,testing hypotheses,and making conclusions supported by data
E) None of the above.
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A) an idea that has been rigorously tested and never been disproven.
B) an idea that has been rigorously tested and only been disproven a few times.
C) an idea that can be tested and falsified.
D) an opinion.
E) an idea based on a person's experience or knowledge.
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A) are the least common form of human health study.
B) have a small number of participants.
C) are used when manipulating people is unethical.
D) make conclusions based on laboratory studies.
E) are usually very expensive to conduct.
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A) Wikipedia
B) A peer-reviewed scientific journal
C) A newspaper
D) A popular science news website
E) The evening television news
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A) It allows the researcher to treat control and experimental groups differently while allowing them to believe they are being treated the same.
B) It allows the researcher to treat control and experimental groups the same while allowing them to believe they are being treated differently.
C) It allows the researcher to use an experimental drug on more people.
D) It removes the need for a control group.
E) All of the above.
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A) simplifying complex issues.
B) conveying information clearly.
C) avoiding misunderstandings.
D) determining what is most important about a study.
E) communicating the researcher's opinion about the study.
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A) an experiment.
B) population biology.
C) evolutionary biology.
D) epidemiology.
E) systemic biology.
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A) empirical
B) causational
C) anecdotal
D) logical
E) statistical
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A) peer reviewed
B) double-blind
C) epidemiological
D) unsafe
E) theoretical
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A) one study with 50 people
B) one study with 500 people
C) one study with 1000 people
D) three studies done the same way,each with 50 people
E) three studies done the same way,each with 1000 people
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A) provides more reliable data.
B) increases likelihood of getting a positive result.
C) increases likelihood of getting a negative result.
D) provides better variables.
E) provides better controls.
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A) help enhance memory.
B) cause anxiety.
C) cause seizures.
D) increase urination.
E) All of the above.
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A) Objects are attracted to one another by gravity.
B) Broccoli tastes better than cauliflower.
C) All life forms are related to each other through common ancestry.
D) All living things are made of cells.
E) The universe was created from a large cosmic explosion.
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A) controlled variable.
B) experimental variable.
C) dependent variable.
D) independent variable.
E) placebo variable.
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A) a non-randomized clinical trial with 15,000 subjects
B) a randomized clinical trial with 15,000 subjects
C) an epidemiological study with 15,000 subjects
D) an endorsement of a product by a movie star
E) a report on a study presented by a news organization
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A) find people with that kind of tumor
B) obtain a large supply of shrinkase
C) determine what my control and experimental groups will be
D) submit my hypothesis for peer review
E) analyze the results of my experiments
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