Question 1

As a geologist working in a foreign country for the first time, you are asked to assess the potential for mass wasting in a particular region. What aspects or characteristics geologic, geographic, biologic, etc.. of the region are you interested in for your assessment? Also, how could you possibly determine if mass wasting has been active recently?

Accepted Answer

You would be interested in the type of r...

Question 2

Which mass wasting process has the slowest rate of movement?

Accepted Answer

A)   rock avalanche
B)   slump
C)   rock fall
D)   creep

Question 3

The very fine- sized, clay mineral particles move downward from the E to the B- horizon of some soils. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

A)   leaching
B)   solifluction
C)   mass wasting
D)   eluviation

Question 4

______is the fan- shaped pile of broken rock fragments at the base of a steep, bedrock slope or cliff.

Accepted Answer

A)   Talus
B)   Debris pile
C)   Slump
D)   Alluvium

Question 5

What process of mass wasting is illustrated in the diagram below?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What process of mass wasting is illustrated...

Question 6

Most stream valleys have a V shaped cross section because______ .

Accepted Answer

A)   water washing down the slope makes straight channels
B)   mass wasting of weathered rocks on the slope maintain an angle of repose slope
C)   vegetation on the slopes forces this profile
D)   none of the above

Question 7

In much of what is now Canada, glaciers covered the land as little as 12,000 years ago and glacial erosion scoured the land surface leaving very thin soil or bare rock over large areas. The Midwestern United States was also covered in ice at this time, yet this area contains some of the richest farm land in the world with thick soils. These soils are formed on glacial sediments and windblown dust deposits from the ice age. Why are the soil conditions between these areas so different when the soils are virtually identical in age?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sea level rose following the ice age and covered the Midwest with an inland sea, rapidly forming soil.
B)   It is much colder in Canada so chemical weather is much slower; thus and soils have not had time to form.
C)   The Midwestern soils are transported soils with soil development on materials that were already loose, unconsolidated materials.
D)   The Midwestern U.S. is much flatter than Canada, allowing soils to develop more quickly.

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning mudflows is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mudflows create talus slopes.
B)   Mudflows may be caused by heavy rains or melting snow.
C)   In hilly areas, mudflows move down the canyons and stream valleys.
D)   Mudflows can move and carry very large boulders and other coarse debris.

Question 9

Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

Accepted Answer

A)   vegetation
B)   water
C)   volcano
D)   slope angle

Question 10

A geologist is looking at deposits along a river below a large volcano. She finds large boulders mixed with sand and mud, and all of the material is comprised of volcanic rocks, particularly the mud which is volcanic ash. She quickly realizes these deposits represent an ancient ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   rock avalanche
B)   lahar
C)   earthflow
D)   slump

Question 11

Frost wedging is the major weathering process contributing to the formation of which regolith material?

Accepted Answer

A)   clay minerals
B)   talus slopes
C)   soil horizons
D)   tropical soils

Question 12

Removal of inorganic soil components from a soil is termed ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   leaching
B)   lithification
C)   loaming
D)   calichezation

Question 13

Lahars are essentially______ associated with volcanoes and volcanism.

Accepted Answer

A)   rockfalls
B)   rockslides
C)   mudflows
D)   slumps

Question 14

What is the major distinction between internal and external Earth processes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Internal and external processes can occur inside and outside Earth, but external processes must also include the oxidation of Earth materials.
B)   Internal processes are driven by processes like plate tectonics, and external processes are driven by the Sun.
C)   Internal processes involve heat while external processes involve oxygen.
D)   Internal processes can only occur inside the Earth, but external processes can occur inside or outside Earth.

Question 15

Which soil horizon represents the lowest part of the zone of accumulation, also referred to as the subsoil?

Accepted Answer

A)   soil
B)   sol
C)   solt
D)   dirt

Question 16

Given enough time, what factor is typically most important in soil formation?

Accepted Answer

A)   bedrock type
B)   months of snow cover
C)   slope direction
D)   climate

Question 17

Ferromagnesian minerals like olivine and pyroxene. that crystallize at high temperatures in Bowen's reaction series are generally______ than quartz.

Accepted Answer

A)   more susceptible to weathering
B)   higher on Moh's hardness scale
C)   more oxygen rich
D)   more difficult to erode

Question 18

Red, brown, and yellow soil- coloring minerals originate by what process?

Accepted Answer

A)   mechanical weathering of very fine- grained, blue- gray clays
B)   precipitation of iron oxides from chemical weathering
C)   chemical weathering of quartz and feldspars
D)   mechanical weathering of the feldspars and micas in granite and rhyolite

Question 19

Which of the following is most resistant to both chemical and physical weathering?

Accepted Answer

A)   limestone
B)   clay minerals
C)   quartz
D)   granite

Question 20

How do freezing, thawing, wetting, and drying contribute to soil creep?

Accepted Answer

A)   The soil expands and contracts, lifting particles and dropping them a slight distance downslope.
B)   The soil becomes much weaker when dry and frozen.
C)   Eventually, these cause the soil and regolith to suddenly slide down the slope.
D)   Gravity exerts a much stronger force when the soil is wet and thawed.

Exam 8: Weathering, Soil, and Mass Movement

Correct Answer
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You would be interested in the type of r...
View Answer

Frost wedging is the major weathering process contributing to the formation of which regolith material?

Correct Answer
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______is the fan- shaped pile of broken rock fragments at the base of a steep, bedrock slope or cliff.

Correct Answer
verified

How do freezing, thawing, wetting, and drying contribute to soil creep?

Correct Answer
verified

Given enough time, what factor is typically most important in soil formation?

Correct Answer
verified

Which soil horizon represents the lowest part of the zone of accumulation, also referred to as the subsoil?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the major distinction between internal and external Earth processes?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Removal of inorganic soil components from a soil is termed ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is most resistant to both chemical and physical weathering?

Correct Answer
verified

Lahars are essentially______ associated with volcanoes and volcanism.

Correct Answer
verified

What process of mass wasting is illustrated in the diagram below?

Correct Answer
verified

A geologist is looking at deposits along a river below a large volcano. She finds large boulders mixed with sand and mud, and all of the material is comprised of volcanic rocks, particularly the mud which is volcanic ash. She quickly realizes these deposits represent an ancient ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Ferromagnesian minerals like olivine and pyroxene. that crystallize at high temperatures in Bowen's reaction series are generally______ than quartz.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements concerning mudflows is not true?

Correct Answer
verified

Most stream valleys have a V shaped cross section because______ .

Correct Answer
verified

Red, brown, and yellow soil- coloring minerals originate by what process?

Correct Answer
verified

Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

Correct Answer
verified

The very fine- sized, clay mineral particles move downward from the E to the B- horizon of some soils. What is this process called?

Correct Answer
verified

Which mass wasting process has the slowest rate of movement?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: Weathering, Soil, and Mass Movement

Correct AnswerverifiedYou would be interested in the type of r...View AnswerShow Answer

Frost wedging is the major weathering process contributing to the formation of which regolith material?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

______is the fan- shaped pile of broken rock fragments at the base of a steep, bedrock slope or cliff.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do freezing, thawing, wetting, and drying contribute to soil creep?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given enough time, what factor is typically most important in soil formation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which soil horizon represents the lowest part of the zone of accumulation, also referred to as the subsoil?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the major distinction between internal and external Earth processes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Removal of inorganic soil components from a soil is termed ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most resistant to both chemical and physical weathering?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lahars are essentially______ associated with volcanoes and volcanism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What process of mass wasting is illustrated in the diagram below?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A geologist is looking at deposits along a river below a large volcano. She finds large boulders mixed with sand and mud, and all of the material is comprised of volcanic rocks, particularly the mud which is volcanic ash. She quickly realizes these deposits represent an ancient ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ferromagnesian minerals like olivine and pyroxene. that crystallize at high temperatures in Bowen's reaction series are generally______ than quartz.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning mudflows is not true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most stream valleys have a V shaped cross section because______ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Red, brown, and yellow soil- coloring minerals originate by what process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The very fine- sized, clay mineral particles move downward from the E to the B- horizon of some soils. What is this process called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which mass wasting process has the slowest rate of movement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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You would be interested in the type of r...
View Answer

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