Question 1

People's scores on a test of agreeableness are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act in one particular situation. Their scores are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act on average over many different situations.

Accepted Answer

A)   poor; poor
B)   good; good
C)   poor; good
D)   good; poor

Question 2

Martin Seligman's positive psychology differs from the humanistic perspective in that it

Accepted Answer

A)   denies humankind's capacity for evil.
B)   focuses more on a person's defense mechanisms.
C)   emphasizes the use of scientific methods.
D)   has less application to educational settings.

Question 3

Resisting the temptation to eat chocolate chip cookies led research participants to subsequently give up sooner than normal on efforts to complete a tedious task. This illustrated that self-control weakens following

Accepted Answer

A)   an exertion of energy.
B)   free association.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   unconditional positive regard.

Question 4

Trait theorists are more concerned with ________ personality than with ________ it.

Accepted Answer

A)   predicting; assessing
B)   describing; explaining
C)   changing; analyzing
D)   interpreting; observing

Question 5

Because Greta is an extravert, she frequently goes to parties where she is encouraged to laugh and socialize with her friends. Because Jim is an introvert, he frequently spends weekends in the library where it's easy to quietly reflect and study. Greta and Jim best illustrate what is meant by

Accepted Answer

A)   an external locus of control.
B)   reciprocal determinism.
C)   the self-serving bias.
D)   the Barnum effect.

Question 6

Which theorists have been most directly criticized for underestimating the variability of behavior from situation to situation?

Accepted Answer

A)   social-cognitive
B)   psychoanalytic
C)   humanistic
D)   trait

Question 7

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait?

Accepted Answer

A)   projective testing
B)   factor analysis
C)   empirically derived testing
D)   free association

Question 8

Kelly loves to boast about her accomplishments and becomes very upset when anyone criticizes her. Kelly most clearly demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the spotlight effect.
B)   the false consensus effect.
C)   defensive self-esteem.
D)   learned helplessness.

Question 9

Which of the following is a basic personality factor assessed by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire?

Accepted Answer

A)   emotional stability.
B)   self-transcendence.
C)   individualism.
D)   repression.

Question 10

A person whose self-esteem is momentarily threatened is especially likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   demonstrate an independence from social pressure to conform.
B)   criticize others.
C)   experience an internal locus of control.
D)   be motivated by a desire for self-actualization.

Question 11

In the long run, people who practice self-regulation through physical exercise and time-managed study programs experience an increase in

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditional positive regard.
B)   self-transcendence.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   self-control.

Question 12

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of

Accepted Answer

A)   neuroticism.
B)   extraversion.
C)   openness.
D)   conscientiousness.

Question 13

Around the world, people describe others' personality traits in terms that are consistent with a set of factors called

Accepted Answer

A)   defense mechanisms.
B)   psychosexual stages.
C)   the hierarchy of needs.
D)   the Big Five.

Question 14

Researchers have identified brain areas associated with various Big Five traits. A frontal lobe area that is sensitive to reward has been found to be larger among those who are high in

Accepted Answer

A)   conscientiousness.
B)   agreeableness.
C)   openness.
D)   extraversion.

Question 15

Individuals with high self-esteem are more likely than those with low self-esteem to

Accepted Answer

A)   work persistently at difficult tasks.
B)   experience an external locus of control.
C)   dismiss flattering descriptions of themselves as untrue.
D)   underestimate the accuracy of their own beliefs.

Question 16

The use of positive emotion words in text messaging is best predicted by the Big Five trait of

Accepted Answer

A)   openness.
B)   extraversion.
C)   agreeableness.
D)   conscientiousness.

Question 17

Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, social withdrawal, and other symptoms of an emotional disorder. Which personality inventory would be most helpful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

A)   MMPI
B)   Rorschach
C)   Free Association Index
D)   Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Question 18

Factor analysis has been used to identify the most basic

Accepted Answer

A)   self-serving biases.
B)   defense mechanisms.
C)   personality traits.
D)   psychosexual stages.

Question 19

Andy, a high school sophomore, lacks self-discipline, fails to plan ahead, and is excessively anxious. He is quickly frustrated by challenging tasks and frequently becomes overly critical of others. Use social-cognitive theory to explain Andy's behavior.

Accepted Answer

According to social-cognitive theory, An...

Question 20

An example of self-serving bias described in the text is the tendency of people to

Accepted Answer

A)   see themselves as average on nearly any desirable dimension.
B)   accept more responsibility for successes than failures.
C)   be overly critical of other people.
D)   exhibit heightened racial prejudice.

Exam 42: Trait Theories, Social-Cognitive Theories, and the Self

Martin Seligman's positive psychology differs from the humanistic perspective in that it

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Resisting the temptation to eat chocolate chip cookies led research participants to subsequently give up sooner than normal on efforts to complete a tedious task. This illustrated that self-control weakens following

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have identified brain areas associated with various Big Five traits. A frontal lobe area that is sensitive to reward has been found to be larger among those who are high in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, social withdrawal, and other symptoms of an emotional disorder. Which personality inventory would be most helpful for this purpose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of positive emotion words in text messaging is best predicted by the Big Five trait of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Andy, a high school sophomore, lacks self-discipline, fails to plan ahead, and is excessively anxious. He is quickly frustrated by challenging tasks and frequently becomes overly critical of others. Use social-cognitive theory to explain Andy's behavior.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIAccording to social-cognitive theory, An...View AnswerShow Answer

A person whose self-esteem is momentarily threatened is especially likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Around the world, people describe others' personality traits in terms that are consistent with a set of factors called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An example of self-serving bias described in the text is the tendency of people to

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Which theorists have been most directly criticized for underestimating the variability of behavior from situation to situation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a basic personality factor assessed by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the long run, people who practice self-regulation through physical exercise and time-managed study programs experience an increase in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because Greta is an extravert, she frequently goes to parties where she is encouraged to laugh and socialize with her friends. Because Jim is an introvert, he frequently spends weekends in the library where it's easy to quietly reflect and study. Greta and Jim best illustrate what is meant by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Individuals with high self-esteem are more likely than those with low self-esteem to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trait theorists are more concerned with ________ personality than with ________ it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kelly loves to boast about her accomplishments and becomes very upset when anyone criticizes her. Kelly most clearly demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People's scores on a test of agreeableness are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act in one particular situation. Their scores are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act on average over many different situations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Factor analysis has been used to identify the most basic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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According to social-cognitive theory, An...
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Trait theorists are more concerned with personality than with it.

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People's scores on a test of agreeableness are predictors of how agreeable they will act in one particular situation. Their scores are predictors of how agreeable they will act on average over many different situations.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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