Question 1

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)   playing jump rope
B)   running through a maze to get a food reward
C)   sweating in hot weather
D)   clapping after a thrilling concert performance

Question 2

Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcer.
B)   unconditional stimulus.
C)   immediate reinforcer.
D)   conditioned stimulus.

Question 3

The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called

Accepted Answer

A)   acquisition.
B)   discrimination.
C)   generalization.
D)   spontaneous recovery.

Question 4

A child's learned fear at the sight of a hypodermic needle is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned response.
B)   unconditioned stimulus.
C)   conditioned stimulus.
D)   unconditioned response.

Question 5

Your heart may race when you are confronted by a lion but not when you are approached by a kitten. This best illustrates the adaptive value of

Accepted Answer

A)   observational learning.
B)   discrimination.
C)   extrinsic motivation.
D)   spontaneous recovery.

Question 6

Extinction occurs when a ________ is no longer paired with a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   UR; CR
B)   CS; UR
C)   US; UR
D)   CS; US

Question 7

John B. Watson would have expressed the greatest disapproval of attempts to scientifically study whether

Accepted Answer

A)   consumer buying habits are influenced by newspaper advertisements.
B)   worker productivity is influenced by hourly wage rates.
C)   academic achievement is influenced by a positive self-concept.
D)   aggressive behavior is influenced by threats of punishment.

Question 8

The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction

Accepted Answer

A)   the CS is eliminated.
B)   the CR is eliminated.
C)   the CS is suppressed.
D)   the CR is suppressed.

Question 9

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle. The sound is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned reinforcement.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   discrimination.
D)   stimulus.

Question 10

To assess whether Mrs. Webster had suffered from a brain injury, researchers conditioned her to blink in response to a sound that signaled the delivery of a puff of air directed toward her face. In this application of classical conditioning, the sound was a

Accepted Answer

A)   US.
B)   UR.
C)   CS.
D)   CR.

Question 11

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash. The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   extinction.
C)   generalization.
D)   discrimination.

Question 12

(a) How would you classically condition an adventuresome 2-year-old to be more fearful of running across a busy street near her house?
(b) How would you classically condition a preschool child who is afraid of dogs to enjoy playing with a neighbor's friendly dog?
Be sure to identify the US, NS, CS, UR, and CR in both answers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of (a) How would you classically condition an...

Question 13

After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary reinforcement.
B)   generalization.
C)   acquisition.
D)   spontaneous recovery.

Question 14

Monica's psychotherapist reminds her so much of her own father that she has many of the same mixed emotional reactions to him that she has to her own dad. Her reactions to her therapist best illustrate the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   discrimination.
B)   generalization.
C)   delayed reinforcement.
D)   adaptability.

Question 15

John B. Watson considered himself to be a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   physiological psychologist.
B)   cognitive psychologist.
C)   behaviorist.
D)   psychoanalyst.

Question 16

Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   discrimination.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   classical conditioning.
D)   observational learning.

Question 17

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   higher-order conditioning.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   delayed reinforcement.
D)   discrimination.

Question 18

The reappearance, after a time lapse, of an extinguished CR is called

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   secondary reinforcement.
D)   higher-order conditioning.

Question 19

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by

Accepted Answer

A)   John B. Watson.
B)   B. F. Skinner.
C)   Albert Bandura.
D)   Ivan Pavlov.

Question 20

Jacqueline is sexually aroused by the sight of her handsome boyfriend but not by the sight of her equally handsome brother. This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)   higher-order conditioning.
B)   intermittent reinforcement.
C)   discrimination.
D)   spontaneous recovery.

Exam 20: Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning

After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of

Correct Answer
verified

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash. The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone

Correct Answer
verified

The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called

Correct Answer
verified

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Monica's psychotherapist reminds her so much of her own father that she has many of the same mixed emotional reactions to him that she has to her own dad. Her reactions to her therapist best illustrate the importance of

Correct Answer
verified

Your heart may race when you are confronted by a lion but not when you are approached by a kitten. This best illustrates the adaptive value of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Correct Answer
verified

Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrate

Correct Answer
verified

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

Jacqueline is sexually aroused by the sight of her handsome boyfriend but not by the sight of her equally handsome brother. This best illustrates the value of

Correct Answer
verified

The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction

Correct Answer
verified

John B. Watson considered himself to be a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle. The sound is a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

A child's learned fear at the sight of a hypodermic needle is a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

John B. Watson would have expressed the greatest disapproval of attempts to scientifically study whether

Correct Answer
verified

Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

To assess whether Mrs. Webster had suffered from a brain injury, researchers conditioned her to blink in response to a sound that signaled the delivery of a puff of air directed toward her face. In this application of classical conditioning, the sound was a

Correct Answer
verified

Extinction occurs when a is no longer paired with a .

Correct Answer
verified

The reappearance, after a time lapse, of an extinguished CR is called

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 20: Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning

After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash. The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Monica's psychotherapist reminds her so much of her own father that she has many of the same mixed emotional reactions to him that she has to her own dad. Her reactions to her therapist best illustrate the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your heart may race when you are confronted by a lion but not when you are approached by a kitten. This best illustrates the adaptive value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jacqueline is sexually aroused by the sight of her handsome boyfriend but not by the sight of her equally handsome brother. This best illustrates the value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John B. Watson considered himself to be a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle. The sound is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child's learned fear at the sight of a hypodermic needle is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John B. Watson would have expressed the greatest disapproval of attempts to scientifically study whether

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To assess whether Mrs. Webster had suffered from a brain injury, researchers conditioned her to blink in response to a sound that signaled the delivery of a puff of air directed toward her face. In this application of classical conditioning, the sound was a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extinction occurs when a ________ is no longer paired with a ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reappearance, after a time lapse, of an extinguished CR is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Extinction occurs when a is no longer paired with a .

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