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___________________ occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues.


A) The central route to persuasion
B) The peripheral route to persuasion
C) The fundamental route to persuasion
D) None of these choices

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People with ___________ self-esteem are often ___________ to comprehend and they are ___________ to persuade.


A) low; slow; hard
B) low; fast; easy
C) high; fast; easy
D) high; slow; hard

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You've been hired to develop an information campaign to prevent junior high school students from taking up smoking. Your boss wants you to use a scare-tactic approach. What must you do to construct a fear appeal that is maximally effective?

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In order to get students to be more aware about the spread of germs when people are sick, a school launches an awareness program with posters that say either "Wash Your Hands!" or "Coughs and Sneezes Spread Diseases!" Which poster will be more effective at changing student behaviour?


A) The "Wash Your Hands!" poster.
B) The "Coughs and Sneezes Spread Diseases" poster.
C) Both posters will be equally ineffective.
D) Both posters will be equally effective.

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Psychotherapy settings, like cults, provide


A) a supportive, confiding social relationship.
B) an offer of expertise and hope.
C) set of rituals.
D) All of the above

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Fear-arousing messages have proven potent in convincing people to


A) cut down on smoking.
B) brush their teeth more often.
C) drive carefully.
D) all of these choices

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If you are a credible authority and your audience isn't much concerned with your issue, chances are that you


A) may be able to persuade them.
B) will be unable to persuade them.
C) will make them more involved with the issue.
D) none of the above.

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The idea that attitudes change as people grow older is known as the ___________ explanation of age differences in attitudes.


A) life cycle
B) generational
C) belief differentiation
D) psychosocial crisis

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When it comes to matters of objective reality or fact, we are most influenced by


A) attractive others.
B) similar others.
C) trustworthy others.
D) dissimilar others.

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Compared to the central route, the peripheral route to persuasion is more likely to lead to


A) behaviour change.
B) more resistant attitudes.
C) superficial attitude change.
D) persistent attitude change.

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For minor issues, the impact of a persuasive appeal is likely to increase with


A) novelty.
B) complexity.
C) emotional intensity.
D) repetition.

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Petty, Cacioppo, and colleagues theorized that persuasion is likely to occur via two routes:


A) central and peripheral.
B) persuasion and conformity.
C) normative and informative.
D) none of these choices.

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During the last referendum on Quebec sovereignty, the federal government spent millions of dollars on an advertising campaign to persuade Quebecers to vote in favour of unity. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the probable effect of this campaign?


A) Repetition of the unity message made it more believable to voters.
B) Using simple clichΓ©s in the unity message persuaded voters to support unity.
C) Whichever side spent more in a referendum on sovereignty got the most votes.
D) People were not easily persuaded by advertising on a major issue such as a referendum.

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A group of concerned students who drive to school each day came to a meeting about the possibility of more parking restrictions on campus. As a representative of the university administration in favour of the restrictions, you ought to


A) present only strong arguments in favour of the new restrictions.
B) present the most extreme version of the plan to restrict parking.
C) present both sides of the issue.
D) present an emotional appeal.

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A local charity is recruiting university students to help canvass to raise money. Of the following individuals, all of whom are equally well known and popular on campus, who should be the most persuasive in raising funds?


A) Marcie, well known for her stinginess when it comes to money.
B) Jennifer, well known for her outgoing and fun-loving personality.
C) Mary, well known for her generosity and compassion.
D) Beth, well known for her leadership abilities.

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Janice is a lawyer and is listening to two of her colleagues discuss new legislation on dealing with young offenders. Bill is discussing the issues by logically pointing out the facts of the legislation and implications of these changes, whereas Charlene is emotional and recounts details of a case where a young male killed a single mother of four kids. Which of Janice's colleagues is most likely to influence her view on the legislation?


A) Bill
B) Charlene
C) Janice will rely on her own views and ignore her colleagues
D) Both of her colleagues will be equally influential

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Analytical people are to _____________ as image-conscious people are to _______________.


A) central route persuasion; peripheral route persuasion
B) the primacy effect; the recency effect
C) life-cycle explanation; generational explanation
D) personal influence; media influence

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Fear-arousing messages are effective if they


A) tell people how to avoid the danger.
B) raise a moderate but not high level of fear.
C) are presented by similar rather than dissimilar communicators.
D) follow the peripheral rather than the central route of persuasion.

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Which of the following is a characteristic of central route persuasion?


A) It uses systematic arguments.
B) It relies heavily on the communicator's attractiveness.
C) It employs rule-of-thumb heuristics to persuade.
D) Its effectiveness depends on a two-step flow of communication.

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Research on attitude inoculation suggests that religious educators are wise to avoid


A) the two-step flow of communication.
B) forewarning followers that outsiders will question their beliefs.
C) using charismatic leaders to attract new converts.
D) creating a "germ-free ideological environment."

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