Question 1

Evolutionary psychologists like David Buss have argued that the Big Five personality traits exist across a variety of cultures because these traits

Accepted Answer

A)  tend to be reinforced as societal norms.
B)  have had significant adaptive implications.
C)  are the ones most likely to be classically conditioned.
D)  help each individual evolve to his/her greatest potential.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an assumption underlying the humanistic approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human nature includes an innate drive toward personal growth.
B)  Humans are largely conscious and rational beings.
C)  Individuals have the freedom to chart their courses of action.
D)  People tend to engage in behaviors that have been rewarded in the past.

Question 3

Two months ago,your best friend did not win a major scholarship that she had been counting on to help pay for graduate school.Now she is always fighting with you,her boyfriend,and her roommates.She is most likely using the defense mechanism called

Accepted Answer

A)  regression.
B)  displacement.
C)  projection.
D)  identification.

Question 4

Identify and briefly describe three different defense mechanisms,and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

1. Repression: Repression is a defense m...

Question 5

The id engages in primary process thinking,while the ego engages in secondary process thinking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The vast majority of personality tests take the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  self-report inventories.
B)  projective techniques.
C)  attitude inventories.
D)  achievement tests.

Question 7

When MRI technology was used to look for associations between the Big Five traits and variations in the relative size of specific areas of the brain,

Accepted Answer

A)  extraversion correlated with the volume of brain regions that process reward.
B)  there were no valid correlations.
C)  results supported the claims of phrenologists.
D)  extraversion correlated with areas of the brain that process punishment.

Question 8

Humanistic theory has been criticized for

Accepted Answer

A)  poor testability of hypotheses.
B)  inadequate evidence.
C)  an unrealistic view of human nature.
D)  all of the above.

Question 9

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is based on the idea that

Accepted Answer

A)  many drives are learned through observation.
B)  perceived needs are a function of self-concept.
C)  some needs are more basic than others.
D)  most needs are a reaction to unconscious anxiety.

Question 10

"Shrewd," "timid," and "self­assured" are all adjectives that can be used to represent

Accepted Answer

A)  personality theories.
B)  personality traits.
C)  personality tests.
D)  social situations.

Question 11

One of the chief goals of terror management theory is to explain why people need

Accepted Answer

A)  death anxiety.
B)  self-esteem.
C)  contact comfort.
D)  defense mechanisms.

Question 12

Working hard to sell the most widgets for your employer in order to earn a bonus and paid vacation is behavior that is shaped by the prospect of

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcement.
B)  negative reinforcement.
C)  positive reinforcement.
D)  punishment.

Question 13

Daniel feels that he is not a good student despite having good grades.According to Rogers,Daniel may experience discomfort due to

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditional love.
B)  observational distress.
C)  incongruence.
D)  self-efficacy.

Question 14

Which of the following was NOT described by Maslow as one of the characteristics of a self-actualizing person?

Accepted Answer

A)  Independent of culture of environment
B)  Problem-centering
C)  Self-centered
D)  Spontaneous

Question 15

Attempting to weaken a response by presenting a noxious or aversive stimulus after that response is called

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment.
B)  classical conditioning.
C)  extinction.
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 16

Humanistic theory emerged in the 1950s as a(n) behavioral and psychodynamic theories.

Accepted Answer

A)  complement to
B)  elaboration on
C)  backlash against
D)  supplement to

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of behavioral perspectives?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social cognitive theory undermines the foundation of behaviorism.
B)  Behavioral perspectives are overdependent on animal research.
C)  Behavioral perspectives neglect to explain why people are only moderately consistent in their behavior.
D)  All of the above are criticisms.

Question 18

Discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of self-report inventories and projective techniques for assessing personality.

Accepted Answer

Self-report inventories and projective t...

Question 19

Which of the following is least closely associated with Maslow's theory of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Notion of self-actualization
B)  Hierarchy of needs
C)  Humans' innate need for personal growth
D)  Distinction between introversion and extraversion

Question 20

According to Adler,involves efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one's abilities.

Accepted Answer

A)  introversion
B)  compensation
C)  reaction formation
D)  individual psychology

Exam 2: Theories of Personality

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of behavioral perspectives?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Attempting to weaken a response by presenting a noxious or aversive stimulus after that response is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Adler,involves efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one's abilities.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of self-report inventories and projective techniques for assessing personality.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AISelf-report inventories and projective t...View AnswerShow Answer

The vast majority of personality tests take the form of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is least closely associated with Maslow's theory of personality?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Shrewd," "timid," and "self­assured" are all adjectives that can be used to represent

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify and briefly describe three different defense mechanisms,and give an example of each.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AI1. Repression: Repression is a defense m...View AnswerShow Answer

When MRI technology was used to look for associations between the Big Five traits and variations in the relative size of specific areas of the brain,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Daniel feels that he is not a good student despite having good grades.According to Rogers,Daniel may experience discomfort due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the chief goals of terror management theory is to explain why people need

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is based on the idea that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an assumption underlying the humanistic approach to personality?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Working hard to sell the most widgets for your employer in order to earn a bonus and paid vacation is behavior that is shaped by the prospect of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evolutionary psychologists like David Buss have argued that the Big Five personality traits exist across a variety of cultures because these traits

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was NOT described by Maslow as one of the characteristics of a self-actualizing person?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humanistic theory emerged in the 1950s as a(n) behavioral and psychodynamic theories.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two months ago,your best friend did not win a major scholarship that she had been counting on to help pay for graduate school.Now she is always fighting with you,her boyfriend,and her roommates.She is most likely using the defense mechanism called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humanistic theory has been criticized for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The id engages in primary process thinking,while the ego engages in secondary process thinking.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Self-report inventories and projective t...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

"Shrewd," "timid," and "selfassured" are all adjectives that can be used to represent

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
1. Repression: Repression is a defense m...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified