Question 1

At the pH of most bodily fluids,which functional group will lose a proton and which functional group will accept a proton?

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfhydryl; carbonyl
B)  Hydroxyl; amino
C)  amino; carboxyl
D)  carboxyl; amino
E)  carbonyl; Hydroxyl

Question 2

What type of monomer does ATP represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  monosaccharide
B)  amino acid
C)  nucleotide
D)  fatty acid
E)  glycerol

Question 3

Relatively small organic molecules with a central carbon atom which is bonded to a carboxyl group,an amino group,a carbon containing group,and a hydrogen atom are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids.
B)  fatty acids.
C)  enzymes.
D)  peptides.
E)  nucleotides.

Question 4

A polymer with the sequence 5' ACGTACGAATAG 3' is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  protein.
B)  piece of RNA.
C)  piece of DNA.
D)  polysaccharide.

Question 5

Fructose and galactose both have six carbon atoms,twelve hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms,just like glucose.A friend of yours says: "Since those sugars have the same number of atoms,they should have the same name." You answer: "While they do have the same number and type of atoms,

Accepted Answer

A)  they are all polysaccharides and have slightly different functions within organisms and therefore have different names."
B)  they are named differently because of their quaternary structures,which is very important in carbohydrates,especially glucose."
C)  they are named differently because when heated above their optimal temperature they become denatured and will not react with their substrates."
D)  they are named differently because they are involved in different DNA nucleotide formation."
E)  they are named differently because they are alternate forms of the monosaccharide,glucose."

Question 6

Seth ordered lobster at a restaurant and realized that the outer shell was made of a tough carbohydrate similar to that used to make the carapace of a cockroach.What do you think the outer shell of the lobster is made of?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibrin
B)  Cellulose
C)  Glycogen
D)  Chitin
E)  Amylopectin

Question 7

Which amino acid is most soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serine
B)  Valine
C)  Glycine
D)  Leucine

Question 8

The myoglobin protein,which carries oxygen in muscle cells,has only the first three levels of protein structure.What can you infer about myoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myoglobin lacks hydrogen bonds
B)  Myoglobin is made of nucleic acids
C)  Myoglobin is not helical or pleated
D)  Myoglobin is made of only one polypeptide chain

Question 9

The information storage molecules of cells are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins.
B)  phospholipids.
C)  enzymes.
D)  hormones.
E)  nucleic acids.

Question 10

The types of bonds found in nucleic acids are:

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphodiester bonds.
B)  peptide bonds.
C)  ionic bonds.
D)  nonpolar covalent bonds.

Question 11

Egg whites consist primarily of water and the protein albumin.When you fry an egg,why does the egg white turn from clear to white?

Accepted Answer

A)  The protein becomes dissociated.
B)  The protein acquires tertiary structure.
C)  The protein becomes denatured.
D)  The protein becomes dehydrated.

Question 12

This is a nucleotide containing molecule that is commonly used to carry electrons in the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP
B)  ATP
C)  NAD+
D)  pyruvic acid

Question 13

A double stranded DNA strand contains 26 pyrimidines.How many purines will the copied strand contain?

Accepted Answer

A)  0
B)  13
C)  26
D)  52

Question 14

The biological macromolecule that is least soluble in water is a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  protein.
B)  nucleic acid.
C)  enzyme
D)  lipid.
E)  carbohydrate.

Question 15

Acyclovir is an antiviral chemical that resembles a nucleotide but lacks a 3' OH group and cannot form phosphodiester bonds.Why is Acyclovir useful in treating some viral infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acyclovir stops viral protein synthesis.
B)  Acyclovir halts viral DNA replication.
C)  Acyclovir blocks the assembly of viral cell capsules.
D)  Acyclovir hydrolyzes viral polysaccharides.

Question 16

The digestive enzyme pepsin works in the acidic environment of the stomach to hydrolyze peptide bonds.As a result,pepsin affects which macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrate
B)  protein
C)  DNA
D)  lipid

Question 17

The nitrogenous base that is only found in RNA and not DNA is:

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine
B)  cytosine
C)  guanine
D)  thymine
E)  uracil

Question 18

Proteins are created with:

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphodiester bonds.
B)  peptide bonds.
C)  triglycerides.
D)  polysaccharides.

Question 19

α-glucose is present in potatoes and β-glucose is present in wood.Both are glucose molecules but one can be used by humans to synthesize ATP and one cannot.Based on this information,what is the best explanation on why humans can only digest one of the glucose types?

Accepted Answer

A)  α-glucose is C6H12O6 and β-glucose is C5H12O6.
B)  α-glucose and β-glucose are stereoisomers with OH groups oriented differently.
C)  Only α-glucose can form polysaccharides.
D)  α-glucose is a chain and β-glucose is a ring.

Question 20

This type of lipid is found in pigments such as chlorophyll,in the visual pigment retinal,and in rubber:

Accepted Answer

A)  phospholipid.
B)  terpene.
C)  steroid.
D)  prostaglandin.
E)  wax.

Exam 3: The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

The nitrogenous base that is only found in RNA and not DNA is:

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Proteins are created with:

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At the pH of most bodily fluids,which functional group will lose a proton and which functional group will accept a proton?

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Relatively small organic molecules with a central carbon atom which is bonded to a carboxyl group,an amino group,a carbon containing group,and a hydrogen atom are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Egg whites consist primarily of water and the protein albumin.When you fry an egg,why does the egg white turn from clear to white?

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The information storage molecules of cells are called:

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The types of bonds found in nucleic acids are:

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Seth ordered lobster at a restaurant and realized that the outer shell was made of a tough carbohydrate similar to that used to make the carapace of a cockroach.What do you think the outer shell of the lobster is made of?

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A double stranded DNA strand contains 26 pyrimidines.How many purines will the copied strand contain?

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This type of lipid is found in pigments such as chlorophyll,in the visual pigment retinal,and in rubber:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acyclovir is an antiviral chemical that resembles a nucleotide but lacks a 3' OH group and cannot form phosphodiester bonds.Why is Acyclovir useful in treating some viral infections?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The biological macromolecule that is least soluble in water is a(n) :

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What type of monomer does ATP represent?

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This is a nucleotide containing molecule that is commonly used to carry electrons in the cell.

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α-glucose is present in potatoes and β-glucose is present in wood.Both are glucose molecules but one can be used by humans to synthesize ATP and one cannot.Based on this information,what is the best explanation on why humans can only digest one of the glucose types?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fructose and galactose both have six carbon atoms,twelve hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms,just like glucose.A friend of yours says: "Since those sugars have the same number of atoms,they should have the same name." You answer: "While they do have the same number and type of atoms,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The myoglobin protein,which carries oxygen in muscle cells,has only the first three levels of protein structure.What can you infer about myoglobin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The digestive enzyme pepsin works in the acidic environment of the stomach to hydrolyze peptide bonds.As a result,pepsin affects which macromolecule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A polymer with the sequence 5' ACGTACGAATAG 3' is a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which amino acid is most soluble in water?

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