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Exam 14: Social Psychology

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Question 81

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Prejudice and discrimination always occur together.

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Question 82

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Stan is a white student who grew up in Alabama and is soon entering the University of Illinois at Chicago. He is aware that many of his classmates will be Black and assumes that they will dislike him and ostracize him. Stan's attitude is best described as an example of ________.

A) discrimination
B) ambiguity
C) nonconformity
D) prejudice

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Question 83

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Define altruism and discuss the factors that tend to increase or inhibit the occurrence of altruistic behavior.

Cognitive dissonance exists whenever a person has two similar cognitions at the same time.

It is possible to change someone's behavior long before you change his or her attitude about that behavior.

Asch conducted the first well-known studies on obedience.

Whenever a person has two contradictory cognitions at the same time, a state of ________ exists.

Most of us associate ________ with good personality traits, intelligence, and happiness.

The effectiveness of either a task-oriented leader or a relationship-oriented leader depends on factors such as the nature of the task and the leader's relationship with the group, according to the ________ model.

Fiedler's contingency model of leadership is based on the ________ view of leadership.

Altruistic behavior is most likely to occur if ________.

Beliefs, feelings, and behavior tendencies are all components of attitudes.

Which of the following illustrates the power of complementary traits?

When a group exerts such strong pressure to conform that it prevents people from expressing critical ideas, the group is suffering from ________.

Jim rationalizes that his illicit use of cigarettes is permissible because the drug is legal once you are of age, and he is just shy of his 18^th birthday. Jim's rationalization serves to ________.

Alan finds himself as a jury member for a trial in which the individual is accused of stealing a few groceries. The suspect said that he has never broken a law in his life, but his wife just had a baby and he lost his job the same week, making them unable to afford food. He felt he had no choice but to steal from the grocer. Alan knows he personally would never do something like that, because he has much better morals than the suspect. Alan may be making _________.

The most important factor in interpersonal attraction is usually ________.

We are most likely to change our negative attitudes toward a certain computer model if ________.

Deborah and Gilbert both planted similar trees in their yards this spring. However, Gilbert's tree died in the fall, while Deborah's remained alive. According to the just-world hypothesis, ________.

People who are fundraising often secure a small donation from prospective donors. They then increase their request and attempt to get you donate more during the next fundraiser. This is an example of the ________ effect.