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Solar thermal energy systems are inherently more efficient than other solar technologies because:


A) the technology involved is less expensive.
B) they can work at night and on cloudy days, as well as in full sunlight.
C) they concentrate the sun's energy.
D) they are dependent on circulating hot water.
E) the technology involved is less expensive and they can work at night and on cloudy days, as well as in full sunlight

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C

The half-life of a radioactive element is the period of time required:


A) to convert half of a given mass into radioisotopes.
B) to extract one-half of the energy from the Earth's uranium supply.
C) for one half of the total amount of a radioactive substance to change into a different material.
D) for the sun to use up one-half of its available atomic resources.
E) None of these

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All of the following are related to NIMBY response EXCEPT:


A) not in my back yard
B) it commonly is a response to the proposal for a nuclear power plant
C) politicians and their term of office
D) is the "sister" response to NIMTOO
E) All of these are related

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C

The steps in the nuclear fuel cycle include mining, enrichment, electrical generation, reprocessing of spent fuel, waste disposal and decommissioning of worn-out reactors. Relatively speaking, which of these steps is energy - intensive and which step is most expensive to properly carry out?

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Enrichment, the refining process to incr...

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What factors have led to the recent "nuclear renaissance?"


A) uncertainty and increased expense of building conventional coal power plants.
B) technological advances in methods for disposing of nuclear waste.
C) creating additional nuclear capacity is a political priority in the Unites States.
D) the uncertainty and increased expense of building conventional coal power plants and the fact that creating additional nuclear capacity is a political priority in the Unites States
E) All of these.

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Which of the following is not a problem associated with hydropower?


A) reservoir-induced seismicity
B) habitat destruction
C) flooding potential
D) increased soil erosion
E) disruption of fish spawning

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Wind:


A) is the result of the conversion of radiant energy into chemical energy.
B) is used in Montana to generate most of the electricity used in that state.
C) cannot be used to generate electricity.
D) has been used to pump water, irrigate fields and grind grain for many hundreds of years.
E) energy produces low levels of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

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Passive solar heating:


A) cannot be used to heat buildings.
B) is effective only in the summer.
C) uses the sun's energy without machines.
D) is a non-renewable resource.
E) depends on x-rays.

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Nuclear fission:


A) is a form of combustion.
B) is the blending or "melting together" of two small atoms to form a large atom.
C) is the splitting of a large atom into two smaller atoms of different elements.
D) is the rearrangement of electrons that occurs during a chemical reaction.
E) is the process that powers the sun and other stars.

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A reactor vessel in a nuclear power plant is:


A) the protective structure surrounding the reactor core.
B) the container used to store spent fuel rods.
C) used to control the fission process in the reactor core.
D) the site of steam and electricity production.
E) the standard location for on-site waste storage.

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Photovoltaic cells:


A) have become more economical to produce and use over the past 25 years.
B) are the most efficient means of converting solar energy to electricity.
C) are currently only used in urban areas of highly developed countries.
D) have only been adapted for use in small appliances.
E) generate electricity with minimal pollution, but unfortunately, require expensive maintenance.

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A storage site for high-level radioactive waste would have all of the following features except:


A) isolated from major population centers.
B) geological stability.
C) no contact with groundwater.
D) near volcanic activity where waste can be destroyed by high temperatures.
E) no contact with flowing water or air movement.

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One advantage of conventional nuclear power, when compared to coal, is:


A) no connection to water pollution.
B) limited risk from catastrophic accidents.
C) emission of few pollutants to the atmosphere.
D) no related occupational death.
E) unlimited supply.

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Hazardous radioactive materials produced by fission reactors include all of the following except:


A) plutonium - 239
B) cesium - 137
C) carbon - 12
D) krypton - 85
E) strontium - 90

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The process of refining uranium ore and insuring the proper amounts of various types of uranium is called:


A) breeding.
B) fabrication.
C) enrichment.
D) fission.
E) integration.

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Discuss the advantages and potential adverse environmental impacts of using geothermal energy.

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The amount of geothermal energy is enorm...

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Briefly describe the important steps in the nuclear fuel cycle, and identify the steps that involve the use of fossil fuels as well as the steps that are the most expensive to properly carry out. Include the process of decommissioning the nuclear power plant in your discussion.

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The nuclear fuel cycle begins with minin...

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Supporters of nuclear energy argue that nuclear power is a cleaner fuel and has less impact on the environment than coal-burning plants. Provide arguments supported by facts to both defend and refute this position.

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Nuclear power (including the fuel cycle) releases fewer greenhouse gases into the environment than coal-burning plants. Developing technology is producing new nuclear power plants - (pebble-bed modular reactors) that are safer and more cost effective to build and operate. Helium is used rather than water to turn turbines. Vitrification can be used to seal the spent fuel for safer storage. Emissions from coal burning plants also may release a significant amount of sulfur oxides and mercury into the atmosphere. Arguments against nuclear power include producing spent fuel that can provide a way for terrorists to develop nuclear weapons, the need for fossil fuel to mine and enrich uranium, and the safety concerns from nuclear power plant accidents.

Spent fuel is


A) exhausted energy
B) the depleted environmental reserves of radioactive elements
C) the entombed storage of dismantled nuclear reactors
D) the used neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
E) radioactive waste generated by nuclear energy

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The two fuels commonly used in atomic fission weapons are:


A) plutonium-239 and uranium-235.
B) plutonium-239 and uranium-238.
C) radium-226 and uranium-235.
D) plutonium-239 and krypton-85.
E) uranium-235 and plutonium-240.

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