A) "friend" their clients
B) establish an effective method for verifying client identity
C) provide a list of all their licenses and links to the licensing boards
D) post a photo of themselves on the site
E) use the site to advertise their specialty areas
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A) ask his or her supervisor to obtain a legal opinion as to whether the records should be copied for the attorney who has issued the subpoena.
B) immediately turn the records over to the attorney who has issued the subpoena.
C) call the attorney who has issued the subpoena and request that the subpoena be withdrawn.
D) consult with a counselor colleague before deciding how to respond.
E) hire an attorney in private practice and ask the attorney to tell the counselor whether the records should be copied for the attorney who has issued the subpoena.
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A) psychotherapy notes created by the counselor may be transferred to insurance companies.
B) insurance companies may pay counselors directly for the services they render to clients.
C) their records may be transferred to another mental health professional.
D) their records may be destroyed at the end of the counseling relationship.
E) counselors may give health care information to family members or others assisting in the client's care.
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A) to obtain copies of records.
B) to cause potential witnesses to testify at a deposition, hearing, or trial.
C) to ask potential witnesses to respond in writing to written questions.
D) to require witnesses to appear at a deposition, hearing, or trail and to bring their records with them.
E) all of the above.
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A) counselors give clients a clear written explanation of how they use, keep, and disclose their health care information.
B) clients have access to their records.
C) a written process exists for clients to request amendments to their records.
D) a written history of most disclosures of client information be available to clients.
E) all of the above.
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A) can be counted on for quality because all are approved by the federal government before they are allowed to be created.
B) contain better, up-to-date information than printed sources.
C) should be avoided because they usually contain inaccurate information.
D) are not monitored for content or quality.
E) have little practical use for clients because they are so technical in the way they present career information.
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A) trainees must retrieve the tapes after the supervisors have reviewed them, and then erase the tapes.
B) supervisors must handle the tapes appropriately during the time the tapes are in the supervisors' possession.
C) supervisors should return tapes to trainees after the tapes have been reviewed.
D) the tapes should be labeled simply, in a manner that does not bring attention to the fact that the tapes are confidential records.
E) all of the above.
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A) documentation should be relatively vague so as not to reveal too much information.
B) as much detail as possible (e.g., dates, times of events, and exact words spoken) should be included.
C) in the event a counselor realizes that documentation should have been occurring sooner, the counselor should back-date the documentation rather than write a summary of what has happened up to that point in time.
D) counselors document to avoid responsibility for clinical decisions that were made or actions that were taken.
E) counselors should avoid including information related to disagreements they have had with a client.
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B
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A) the counselor should never include anything that is confidential because it is unethical to do so.
B) the client's business e-mail address should never be used because employers often read the e-mail messages of their employees.
C) the client should be told to avoid using e-mail to set or change appointment times because it is impossible to tell whether the counselor received the message that was sent.
D) the client should be advised that e-mail messages can always be retrieved and that e-mail systems are not as secure as other means of communication.
E) the counselor should never print out the e-mail messages because the client's confidentiality would be compromised by the existence of paper copies.
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A) community mental health centers in the United States.
B) public educational institutions.
C) private or parochial educational institutions.
D) public hospitals.
E) private hospitals.
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A) the client's counselor.
B) the agency where the counseling took place.
C) the client.
D) the court that has requested the records..
E) the insurance company that paid for the counseling sessions.
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A) counselors should not take clinical case notes if they are worried about the notes being subpoenaed or later being seen by the client or anyone else.
B) counselors should take the clinical notes they need in order to function effectively as professionals.
C) it is reasonable to assume that clinical case notes will not be read by anyone other than the counselor who wrote them.
D) writing illegible case notes is a protection against being called upon to reveal sensitive information pursuant to a subpoena.
E) if clinical case notes are kept at the home of the counselor, they cannot be subpoenaed.
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A) never let anyone else know or be able to access the password.
B) Store confidential records on a portable storage device rather than on the computer's hard drive.
C) only use computers that are kept behind locked doors.
D) have a manual lock placed on the computer that requires a key.
E) never print out confidential information because it might be read by others.
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A) to protect themselves in the event they are later sued.
B) for their own use, so that they may be effective counselors.
C) for insurance companies who reimburse clients for the cost of mental health services.
D) to keep up with whether the client attended sessions on particular days and whether the client paid for the sessions that were rendered.
E) so that they may reflect upon their counseling sessions and improve their skills.
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B
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A) has been determined to be unethical by the American Counseling Association Ethics Committee.
B) is never as effective as providing counseling services face-to-face.
C) is controversial.
D) is rare.
E) is risky because no guidelines have yet been developed by professional associations.
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C
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