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Jerome, 6, and Hani, 10, get up early on Saturday morning to make "breakfast in bed" for their mother. While reaching for the bed tray in the back of the hall cabinet, they accidentally break their mother's favorite porcelain doll. Jerome knows that he's going to get into "big trouble." Hani tells him not to worry and that their mom would understand that it was an accident. In what stage would Jean Piaget categorize the moral reasoning of Jerome and Hani?


A) Jerome-autonomous morality; Hani-heteronomous morality
B) Jerome-heteronomous morality; Hani-autonomous morality
C) Jerome-universal law morality; Hani-context-specific morality
D) Jerome-context-specific morality; Hani-universal law morality

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What is emotion security theory? What factors influence an individual child's vulnerability to suffering negative consequences from living in a divorced family?

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Emotion security theory has its roots in...

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When her mother asks Selena why she feels so sad, Selena says it is because her best friend just lost her puppy. Selena is exhibiting


A) guilt.
B) empathy.
C) correspondence.
D) lack of perspective taking.

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The ability to discern another's inner psychological state is known as


A) correspondence.
B) congruence.
C) perspective taking.
D) nurturance.

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Steur, Applefield, and Smith conducted an experiment where preschool children were randomly assigned to two groups. One group watched cartoons containing violence, and the other group watched cartoons with the violence removed. During a free-play session, the children who watched the cartoons containing violence showed more aggression than children who watched the nonviolent cartoons. What conclusion was drawn from this study?


A) Preschool children are naturally more aggressive than older children.
B) Violent TV cartoons caused the increased aggression in the children in this investigation.
C) The cause of aggression cannot be determined since aggression is caused by so many other factors.
D) Exposure to TV violence caused the aggression in the children in this investigation.

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Twice each month, Gini helps to serve dinner at the "Community Table," a program that assists homeless people in the town. She brings her two children, aged nine and eleven, with her and talks to them about the need to share time, food, and kindness with others who are less fortunate. Social cognitive theorists would say that Gini's children


A) are likely to develop moral behavior that includes helping others.
B) are not likely to be impacted by this as their moral behavior is modeled on peers, not parents.
C) will not benefit from these experiences until they are teens.
D) will fail to model their behavior to their mother's unless they see some reward in it.

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According to research studies by Maccoby (1998, 2002) , which of the following statements is true of how boys and girls interact in same-sex groups?


A) Girls are more likely to act in a reciprocal manner.
B) Boys are more likely to avoid rough-and-tumble play.
C) Girls are more likely to engage in ego display.
D) Boys are more likely to engage in collaborative discourse.

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Which parenting style is demanding and controlling while also being accepting and responsive?


A) authoritarian parenting
B) indulgent parenting
C) authoritative parenting
D) neglectful parenting

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Which of the following is most likely a function that a child's peer group performs which is difficult for a sibling to do?


A) having a same-sex friend
B) getting a chance to share intimate feelings
C) providing comparison on how the child compares with other children of the same age
D) giving a view of what the world looks like from another person's perspective

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Why are young children's self-descriptions typically unrealistically positive?

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Young children's self-descriptions are t...

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Discuss the negative influence of too much screen time on children.

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There are many developmental consequence...

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Which theory states that children's gender development occurs through observing and imitating what other people say and do and through being rewarded and punished for gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior?

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The Social...

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In the context of the types of children's play, what kind of play combines sensorimotor/practice play with symbolic representation and occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution?

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Four-year-old Becky has just hit her sister again. According to most developmental psychologists, Becky's mother should


A) spank Becky; she is too young to understand reasoning.
B) explain to Becky that "hitting hurts"; she is old enough to understand the consequences of her behavior for others.
C) send Becky to bed without dinner; she is too young to understand reasoning.
D) spank Becky; she is old enough to understand the consequences of her behavior and would expect to be punished accordingly.

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The social role theory suggests that


A) social hierarchy and division of labor are important causes of gender differences in power, assertiveness, and nurturing.
B) the mother role and the father role are social constructions that have emerged from our evolutionary past.
C) social roles are chosen, not determined.
D) nature is the primary determinant of differences between the social labels that we call "gender."

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According to Freud, preschool boys develop a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent in a process called the


A) Oedipus complex.
B) Electra complex.
C) Pygmalion effect.
D) Golem effect.

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Maria believes that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately. In the context of Jean Piaget's theory of moral development, this scenario indicates that Maria believes in the concept of


A) immanent justice.
B) restorative justice.
C) reciprocal socialization.
D) egocentrism.

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A ________ is a cognitive structure, a network of associations that guides an individual's perceptions.


A) format
B) schema
C) subset
D) system

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What is the term for the support that parents provide one another in jointly raising a child?

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Which of the following aspects of moral development most likely involves anxiety and guilt?


A) moral reasoning
B) moral thoughts
C) moral behavior
D) moral feelings

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