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All of the following are ways Albert Bandura differs from Skinner except


A) the study of human subjects in interaction with others.
B) the study of observational learning.
C) learning as a function of reinforcement.
D) learning without directly experiencing reinforcement.

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C

According to Bandura, a child who becomes fearful during thunderstorms or is nervous around strangers may acquire such fears from his or her parents.

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Bandura says much of our behavior is regulated by


A) pangs of conscience.
B) guilt produced by the superego.
C) imitation.
D) self-reinforcement.

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In the production processes, what has been observed and retained is


A) translated into overt behavior.
B) recreated as a rigid memory.
C) produced in the mind.
D) assigned a monetary value.

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A

Research on self-efficacy shows that it is


A) partly a function of gender and age.
B) innate.
C) higher in women than men.
D) greatest in early childhood.

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Bandura's work on ______________ has been criticized for exploiting people, manipulating and controlling them against their will.


A) behavior modification.
B) vicarious reinforcement.
C) self-efficacy.
D) self-reinforcement.

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In a study of adults in Germany, those who scored high in personal self-efficacy presented themselves on Facebook as


A) more formal and less confident in comparison to others.
B) relaxed, funny and cool in comparison to others that were low in personal self-efficacy.
C) less confident in exploring online and posting.
D) capable, strong, and serious.

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_________ can involve what a person looks at or perceives when they observe others.


A) Modeling
B) Examination
C) Monitoring
D) Coping

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Bandura criticizes Skinner for his


A) focus on operant rather than respondent behavior.
B) lack of attention to physiological processes.
C) study of individual animal subjects rather than on human subjects interacting with one another.
D) beliefs that abnormal behavior is learned.

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A child is more likely to model its behavior after a person


A) of the opposite sex.
B) who is very different.
C) rather than a cartoon character.
D) all of these

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Bandura applied modeling techniques


A) with live models but not with filmed models.
B) more effectively on animals rather than people.
C) to eliminate fears and other intense emotional reactions
D) in a way similar to psychoanalysis.

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All of the following are ways of increasing self-efficacy except


A) verbal persuasion.
B) strengthening physiological arousal.
C) counseling to increase enactive attainment.
D) enhancing vicarious success experiences.

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Bandura's famous Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the power of


A) punishment.
B) modeling.
C) token reinforcement.
D) aggressive urges in children.

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B

In modeling, new responses are acquired


A) in the absence of other people.
B) before ever performing or displaying them.
C) only after sufficient reinforcement.
D) in the same way a rat learns to press the lever in the Skinner box.

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In Albert Bandura's approach to psychology,


A) learning can occur without direct reinforcement.
B) animals are studied in interaction.
C) internal variables are ignored.
D) learning is based on inborn reflex behaviors.

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Bandura's research has shown that observers pay closer attention to modeled behavior that


A) produces neutral outcomes rather than positive or negative behaviors.
B) is aggressive, violent, and dangerous.
C) produces positive or negative consequences rather than neutral outcomes.
D) is performed by someone of different age, status or sex.

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A distinctive feature of Bandura's theory is vicarious reinforcement which involves observing the behavior of other people.

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Bandura's research


A) is limited to children.
B) relies only on the correlational method.
C) studies large groups of subjects and compares their average performance by statistical analysis.
D) is mostly limited to observational learning and is not statistically valid.

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All of the following are sources of information about efficacy except


A) performance attainment.
B) vicarious experiences.
C) verbal persuasion.
D) performance on projective tests.

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Self-efficacy has been shown to influence


A) academic performance.
B) mate selection.
C) gender preference.
D) political party preference.

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