Question 1

Membrane ____ proteins move specific substances across the membrane, typically by forming a channel.

Accepted Answer

A)  transport
B)  receptor
C)  recognition
D)  adhesion
E)  enzyme

Question 2

​Bacteria and archaea were originally classified as prokaryotes because they ____; however, it is now known that archaea ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​do not have nuclei and are single-celled; are actually a type of algae
B)  ​are single-celled and found in extreme environments; are actually eukaryotic
C)  ​do not have nuclei and have similar cell walls; comprise a special classification of prokaryotes
D)  ​are colonial organisms and do not have nuclei; form multicellular organisms
E)  ​are single-celled and do not have nuclei; are more similar to eukaryotes

Question 3

Given the constraints on cell size, how can eukaryotic cells be so much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presence of membrane-bound organelles effectively increases the area across which substances can pass.
B)  The constraints on cell size apply only to single-celled organisms.
C)  The cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells supports the extra mass of these larger cells
D)  Many of the proteins produced by eukaryotic cells are exported from the cell, thereby reducing its volume.
E)  Prokaryotic cells require less energy than eukaryotic cells, and can therefore be smaller.

Question 4

What happens when a round cell expands in diameter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its surface area and diameter increase with the cube of its diameter.
B)  Its surface area and diameter increase with the square of its diameter.
C)  Its volume increases faster than its surface area does.
D)  Its surface area increases faster than its volume does.
E)  Its volume and surface area expand by the same proportion.

Question 5

​Match the cytoskeletal structure with the best description.
-​most stable cytoskeletal element

Accepted Answer

A)  ​dynein
B)  ​cell cortex
C)  ​centriole
D)  ​microtubule
E)  ​microfilamentF) ​intermediate filament

Question 6

Motor proteins, fueled by ____, move cellular cargo along tracks of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sugars; intermediate filaments and microtubules
B)  ATP; microtubules and microfilaments
C)  ATP; intermediate filaments and cilia
D)  sugars; intermediate filaments and microfilaments
E)  triglycerides; microtubules and microfilaments

Question 7

In pseudopods, elongating ____ cause lobes of cytoplasm to bulge outward, while ____ help to drag the plasma membrane along.

Accepted Answer

A)  intermediate filaments; cilia
B)  microtubules; motor proteins
C)  microfilaments; basal bodies
D)  microtubules; intermediate filaments
E)  microfilaments; motor proteins

Question 8

​Match the cytoskeletal structure with the best description.
-​barrel-shaped organelle from which microtubules grow to form cilia

Accepted Answer

A)  ​dynein
B)  ​cell cortex
C)  ​centriole
D)  ​microtubule
E)  ​microfilamentF) ​intermediate filament

Question 9

Nearly all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria, but the number varies by the type of cell and by the organism. In general, cells that have the highest demand for energy tend to have ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the least mitochondria
B)  the most mitochondria
C)  slow dividing mitochondria
D)  larger mitochondria in lower numbers
E)  no mitochondria

Question 10

Fluid-filled sacs that may store amino acids, sugars, toxins, and ions in plant cells are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  plastids
B)  central vacuoles
C)  peroxisomes
D)  lysosomes
E)  Golgi bodies

Question 11

Which membrane protein is responsible for binding hormones that can trigger changes in the cell's activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes
B)  receptor
C)  transport
D)  adhesion
E)  channel

Question 12

Match the organelle to the correct description. Each choice may be used more than once.
-digestion of cellular debris and waste

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes
B)  mitochondria
C)  lysosomes
D)  Golgi bodies
E)  endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Which organelle converts the energy stored in sugars to ATP by aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi body
B)  ribosome
C)  mitochondrion
D)  lysosome
E)  endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

All cells ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  have DNA suspended in the cytoplasm
B)  produce ATP within mitochondria
C)  have membrane-bound organelles
D)  have cytoplasm enclosed by a plasma membrane
E)  have cell walls

Question 15

Match the endomembrane system component with the best description.
-forms by the fusion of multiple vesicles

Accepted Answer

A)  vesicle
B)  lysosome
C)  peroxisome
D)  vacuole

Question 16

Why are cells stained prior to viewing with a light microscope?

Accepted Answer

A)  to convert black and white micrographs to color
B)  to decrease the contrast between cellular structures
C)  to increase the relief of the edges of the specimen
D)  to visualize transparent structures on the cell surface
E)  to visualize transparent internal cellular structures

Question 17

Which type of junction prevents fluid leakage between cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  gap junction
B)  plasmodesma
C)  tight junction
D)  adhering junction
E)  primary wall

Question 18

​Match the cytoskeletal structure with the best description.
-​functions in muscle contraction

Accepted Answer

A)  ​dynein
B)  ​cell cortex
C)  ​centriole
D)  ​microtubule
E)  ​microfilamentF) ​intermediate filament

Question 19

Plasmodesmata are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  used in energy transformations within the cell
B)  found in animal cells, but absent from plant cells
C)  closable channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells
D)  open channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells
E)  complex mixtures of extracellular cell secretions

Question 20

Proteins embedded in the nuclear envelope that selectively allow substances to cross into and out of the nucleus form ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear pores
B)  passive transport proteins
C)  receptors
D)  nucleoplasm
E)  ribosomes

Exam 4: Cell Structure

Membrane ____ proteins move specific substances across the membrane, typically by forming a channel.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Bacteria and archaea were originally classified as prokaryotes because they ____; however, it is now known that archaea ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Match the cytoskeletal structure with the best description. -​barrel-shaped organelle from which microtubules grow to form cilia

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Match the cytoskeletal structure with the best description. -​most stable cytoskeletal element

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the organelle to the correct description. Each choice may be used more than once. -digestion of cellular debris and waste

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of junction prevents fluid leakage between cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Proteins embedded in the nuclear envelope that selectively allow substances to cross into and out of the nucleus form ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens when a round cell expands in diameter?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are cells stained prior to viewing with a light microscope?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the endomembrane system component with the best description. -forms by the fusion of multiple vesicles

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given the constraints on cell size, how can eukaryotic cells be so much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which organelle converts the energy stored in sugars to ATP by aerobic respiration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nearly all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria, but the number varies by the type of cell and by the organism. In general, cells that have the highest demand for energy tend to have ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Motor proteins, fueled by ____, move cellular cargo along tracks of ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which membrane protein is responsible for binding hormones that can trigger changes in the cell's activity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All cells ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In pseudopods, elongating ____ cause lobes of cytoplasm to bulge outward, while ____ help to drag the plasma membrane along.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fluid-filled sacs that may store amino acids, sugars, toxins, and ions in plant cells are called ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plasmodesmata are ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Match the cytoskeletal structure with the best description. -​functions in muscle contraction

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Bacteria and archaea were originally classified as prokaryotes because they ; however, it is now known that archaea .

Correct Answer
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Match the cytoskeletal structure with the best description. -barrel-shaped organelle from which microtubules grow to form cilia

Correct Answer
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Match the cytoskeletal structure with the best description. -most stable cytoskeletal element

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Motor proteins, fueled by , move cellular cargo along tracks of .

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In pseudopods, elongating cause lobes of cytoplasm to bulge outward, while help to drag the plasma membrane along.

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Match the cytoskeletal structure with the best description. -functions in muscle contraction

Correct Answer
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