Exam 25: The Great Depression

A) the period of the New Deal that no longer involved jobs programs
B) an alternative plan proposed by Roosevelt's harshest critics
C) the name given to Harry S. Truman's policies when he became president after Roosevelt
D) the stage of the New Deal that most benefited the wealthy, such as thorough tax cuts
E) the more radical phase of the New Deal that included projects such as Social Security

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The New Deal transformed the role of the...

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A) He pushed through a bank bailout bill worth more than $7 billion.
B) He used his emergency powers to nationalize the banking industry.
C) He put strict limits on the issuance of paper currency.
D) He ordered the Federal Reserve Board to lower interest rates.
E) He declared a bank holiday, shutting the banks down briefly.

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A) was commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and increased the number of Native Americans employed by the bureau
B) served as secretary of labor as the first woman cabinet member in American history and went on to design the Social Security Act
C) was a Roosevelt critic whose assassination before the presidential election of 1936 ended the possibility of giving the Republican candidate a winning margin
D) promoted social justice issues within the White House, became an outspoken activist, and held press conferences
E) was head of the United Mine Workers who was one of the first to capitalize on the pro-Union spirit of the NIRA
F) proposed to pay $200 a month to those over 60 who retired and promised to spend the money
G) devoured books borrowed with a white friend's library card and went on to write powerful novels centered on the quest for social justice
H) was a distinguished journalist who had a close relationship with Eleanor Roosevelt and became her nearly constant traveling companion
I) was Roosevelt's closest aid who headed the Federal Emergency Relief Administration

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A) It ended the Farm Credit Administration because it caused farmers' debts only to deepen, while Big Business accumulated great wealth at their expense.
B) It overturned the National Industrial Recovery Act, ruling that Congress had given too much power to the president and representing the growing opposition to the New Deal.
C) It decided that Schechter was involved in interstate, not local, trade and therefore need not change anything about its practices to adhere to the law.
D) It upheld the constitutionality of the second Agricultural Adjustment Act because it protected the "middle men" that processed food crops and warehoused commodities.
E) It prevented Roosevelt from going through the Second New Deal, even though he had already helped put together most of the policy for it.

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B

A) He spoke of the need to extend reforms to other countries.
B) He spoke of the need to develop civil rights reforms.
C) He spoke of the need to cut back on expensive reforms.
D) He spoke of the need to start fresh and develop brand new reforms.
E) He spoke of the need to preserve reforms.

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During his first term, President Rooseve...

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A) a sharp decrease in government spending.
B) a sharp rise in private spending.
C) the huge government deficit.
D) the repeal of the Revenue Act of 1935.
E) the announcement that Social Security payroll taxes would be postponed.

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A) was commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and increased the number of Native Americans employed by the bureau
B) served as secretary of labor as the first woman cabinet member in American history and went on to design the Social Security Act
C) was a Roosevelt critic whose assassination before the presidential election of 1936 ended the possibility of giving the Republican candidate a winning margin
D) promoted social justice issues within the White House, became an outspoken activist, and held press conferences
E) was head of the United Mine Workers who was one of the first to capitalize on the pro-Union spirit of the NIRA
F) proposed to pay $200 a month to those over 60 who retired and promised to spend the money
G) devoured books borrowed with a white friend's library card and went on to write powerful novels centered on the quest for social justice
H) was a distinguished journalist who had a close relationship with Eleanor Roosevelt and became her nearly constant traveling companion
I) was Roosevelt's closest aid who headed the Federal Emergency Relief Administration

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A) its full restoration of prosperity and end to record levels of unemployment
B) its role in demonstrating that American democracy could cope with the collapse of capitalism
C) its widespread promotion of the civil rights of African Americans
D) the government takeover of American banks and the boost this provided to the economy
E) its appeal to the American public to declare war on Nazi Germany

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A) It was written by the grandson of former slaves and focused on depicting life in the South after the end of the Jim Crow laws.
B) It portrayed a fictional world in which the Depression had never transpired, which helped readers forget about their own everyday struggles.
C) It centered on the experiences of the Dust Bowl and demonstrated the solidarity of struggling people during the Depression.
D) Its wide readership at the time showed how movies remained unpopular and inaccessible at the time, except by the wealthiest class.
E) It demonstrated that the number of Americans who became members of the Communist party for extended periods of time was on the rise.

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A) massive migrations from the impacted area to the Atlantic coast.
B) terrible thunderstorms that plagued the Great Basin.
C) a severe blow primarily to farmers in Illinois, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
D) the blowing away of millions of acres of topsoil across the plains.
E) a debilitating drought and lack of jobs in the Far West.

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D

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A) requiring justices to retire at age 70.
B) adding up to six additional members.
C) removing justices appointed by previous presidents.
D) making justices regularly run for election.
E) requiring Senate confirmation hearings.

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A) its inability to form any public health service programs
B) its destruction of the capitalistic system in the United States for several decades
C) its failure to restore prosperity fully and end record levels of unemployment
D) the precedent established by a full government takeover of American banks
E) the fact that its political momentum was at its height at the onset of the Second World War

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A) It reduced the chance that another panic would occur by creating the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to insure customer bank accounts up to a certain amount of money.
B) It merged commercial banking and investment banking so that the two were indistinguishable, and banks were more likely to invest in the savings of depositors in the stock market.
C) It took away the Federal Reserve Board's authority to intervene in future financial crises and thereby perpetuated the current banking crisis.
D) It required that all countries, starting with the United States, adopt the gold standard so that the president could decrease the money supply.
E) It created the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) , which gave many struggling workers office jobs in the banking industry and drastically improved unemployment rates.

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