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Exam 17: Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

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Question 21

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How are RNA hairpin turns related to termination?

A) Release factors bind to sites on the hairpin turn, causing release of the RNA transcript.
B) The turns are formed from complementary base pairing and cause separation of the RNA transcript and RNA polymerase.
C) The hairpin turn prevents more nucleoside triphosphates from entering the active site of the enzymes, effectively shutting off the process of polymerization.
D) A three- base repeat signals a stop sequence, and the RNA transcript is released.

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Question 22

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What is the function of the 3' end of the tRNA?

A) It is the active site of this ribozyme.
B) It stabilizes the tRNA- amino acid complex.
C) It base pairs with the codon of mRNA.
D) It attaches to the amino acid.

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Question 23

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The segments of DNA where transcription begins have a binding site for RNA polymerase. These segments are known as

A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5' CCG- ACG 3'mRNA) . The following charged transfer RNA molecules with their anticodons shown in the 3' to 5' direction) are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form. Table 17.1 $\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \text { tRNA Anticodon } & \text { Anind Acid } \\\hline \text { FRE } & \text { Prolire } \\\text { CEW } & \text { Alanire } \\\text { WEE } & \text { Thronire } \\\text { EEE } & \text { Glycire } \\\text { AEE } & \text { Cyateine } \\\text { EEE } & \text { Alanire } \\\hline\end{array}$ What is the anticodon loop of the first tRNA that will complement this mRNA?

In an experimental situation, a student researcher inserts an mRNA molecule into a eukaryotic cell after she has removed the mRNA's 5' cap and poly- A tail. Which of the following would you expect her to find?

As scientists were unraveling the mysteries associated with transcription and translation, they discovered there was not a one- to- one correspondence between nucleotide sequence of a gene and base sequence of the mRNA it codes for. They proposed the genes- in- pieces hypothesis. How can the genes- in- pieces hypothesis be explained?

There are 61 codons that each specify the addition of a specific amino acid, and three stop codons for which there is no corresponding amino acid. However, there are only about 40 tRNA molecules, representing 40 anticodons. How is that possible?

Ribosomes can attach to prokaryotic messenger RNA

Which of the following processes is central to the initiation of transcription?

The ribosome- binding site of prokaryotes is also known as

Put the following events of elongation in prokaryotic translation in chronological order. 1) Binding of mRNA with small ribosomal subunit. 2) Recognition of initiation codon 3) Complementary base pairing between initiator codon and anticodon of initiator tRNA 4) Base pairing of the mRNA codon following the initiator codon with its complementary tRNA 5) Attachment of the large subunit

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until which of the following occurs?

How does termination of translation take place?

Once a peptide has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site, which process on the list occurs next?

Transcription would not occur at the appropriate initiation sites in E. coli if RNA polymerase is missing which of the following?

A transfer RNA #1) attached to the amino acid lysine enters the ribosome. The lysine binds to the growing poly on the other tRNA #2) in the ribosome already. Where does tRNA #2 move to after this bonding of lysine to the polypeptide?

Figure 17.3 -Refer to Figure 17.3. What is the function of the AGU on the loop of the tRNA?