Question 1

Researchers (Burnstein, Crandall, & Kitayama, 1994)  found that when participants imagined a house fire, they were more likely to help some people than other people. Based on these researchers' findings, it seems that in life-and-death situations, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   norms are more important than genetic similarity
B)   culture is more important than biology
C)   biological relatives are more likely to be helped than are nonrelatives
D)   women are more sensitive to norms, and men more sensitive to biology

Question 2

Gillian is sitting in a crowded coffee shop when she hears the squeal of brakes and the crash of metal-on-metal. She looks around and notices that all the other customers remain engrossed in their conversations. Because these cool and calm responses __________, Gillian will be __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   provide normative cues; more likely to go outside to help
B)   increase pluralistic ignorance; less likely to assume it's an emergency situation
C)   decrease evaluation apprehension; more likely to go outside to help
D)   reduce Gillian's sense of personal responsibility; less likely to go outside to help

Question 3

A giant tornado is bearing down on Dorothy's farmhouse. She only has time to help one other resident. Based on research regarding kin selection, whom will Dorothy take with her to the storm cellar?

Accepted Answer

A)   her sister, Glenda
B)   her grandmother, Margaret
C)   her beloved dog, Toto
D)   her favorite farm hand, Ray

Question 4

How do evolutionary psychologists use the concepts of kin selection and the reciprocity norm to explain human prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

The notion of kin selection posits that ...

Question 5

When Jochem saw the child fall through the ice at the lake, he never hesitated and immediately dove in to save the child. This is an example of __________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   altruistic
B)   evolutionary
C)   survival
D)   prosocial

Question 6

Which of the following challenges to the evolutionary theory of altruism was NOT reported in your book?

Accepted Answer

A)   Why do complete strangers sometimes help each other?
B)   Saving family may only mean we have a greater need to save loved ones.
C)   Group selection is not a universally accepted concept.
D)   None of the research in evolutionary theory has actually been observed behaviorally.

Question 7

Compare and contrast altruism and prosocial behavior. In your explanation, include a good example of each concept that makes the primary difference between the concepts very clear.

Accepted Answer

Altruism is the desire to help another p...

Question 8

In support for the empathy-altruism hypothesis, researchers (Toi & Batson, 1982)  found that participants were most likely to help a student named Carol who was injured in an automobile accident when they were told __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   to try to imagine how Carol felt about what happened to her and how it changed her life.
B)   to be objective, and not to focus on how Carol felt.
C)   that they would see Carol every week in class.
D)   that they would never come face to face with Carol.

Question 9

Elaine explains that she donates money to charity because, "It makes me feel like I'm investing in the future. It just feels good!" Her motive for helping is BEST described by which theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   evolutionary
B)   social exchange
C)   kin selection
D)   empathy-altruism

Question 10

The bystander effect refers to the finding that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   bystanders will be more likely to help when they feel they are competent to do so
B)   the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely individuals are to help
C)   people in crowds are distracted, so they don't interpret emergencies correctly
D)   witnesses to an emergency are more likely to help victims similar to them

Question 11

A woman's car is stuck in the snow and she needs a push to get free. __________ is more likely to stop to help her out because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   A man; the situation calls for sustained helping
B)   A woman; the situation calls for sustained helping
C)   A man; the situation calls for an act of chivalry
D)   A woman; women in general are more altruistic than men

Question 12

When considering altruistic behaviors, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Women are more altruistic than men.
B)   Men are more altruistic than women.
C)   Men and women are equally altruistic.
D)   Neither men nor women are altruistic.

Question 13

According to Milgram's (1970)  __________ hypothesis, compared to rural dwellers, people in large cities are bombarded with stimulation and work to reduce it by keeping to themselves.

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus overload
B)   diffusion of responsibility
C)   evaluation apprehension
D)   urban overload

Question 14

Prosocial behavior is to __________ as altruism is to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   selflessness; pure motive
B)   rewards; good mood
C)   rewards; selflessness
D)   feeling good; avoiding feeling bad

Question 15

Which of the following does NOT represent altruistic behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jeff is a bystander who runs inside a burning building when he hears a mother screaming for help to save her baby.
B)   Danny is a soldier in battle and rushes onto the battlefield to retrieve a fallen friend.
C)   Ian serves orphans in Mexico where drug cartels have torn the community apart.
D)   Mark works hard at his job every day to make it easier for his coworkers to do their job.

Question 16

According to research presented by the authors of your text, in which of the following cities would you be the most likely to be helped if you needed help crossing a busy street?

Accepted Answer

A)   New York City, USA
B)   Taipei, Taiwan
C)   Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
D)   Cairo, Egypt

Question 17

Based on information from your text about the rates of volunteerism, which of the following countries has the highest rate of volunteerism in its population (47%) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   France
B)   the United States
C)   Canada
D)   Germany

Question 18

Evolutionary psychology is the study of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   how our environment modifies inherited characteristics
B)   the immediate influence our biology has on how we react to social situations
C)   social behaviors as a result of genetic factors and natural selection
D)   application of social psychology to the study of biological processes

Question 19

Research has demonstrated that people will help in-group members because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   helping will earn them a reward
B)   they can make a good impression on others
C)   they have feelings of empathy
D)   it is an instinct

Question 20

Social exchange theory would have the most trouble explaining which of the following helping situations?

Accepted Answer

A)   Anna visits people with AIDS as a requirement of her health psychology course.
B)   Theo calmly walks into heavy traffic to rescue a stranger who collapsed in the crosswalk.
C)   On the way home from work, David drops off some notes for a classmate.
D)   A wealthy businesswoman makes a hefty donation to her congressman.

Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Researchers (Burnstein, Crandall, & Kitayama, 1994) found that when participants imagined a house fire, they were more likely to help some people than other people. Based on these researchers' findings, it seems that in life-and-death situations, __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A woman's car is stuck in the snow and she needs a push to get free. __________ is more likely to stop to help her out because __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bystander effect refers to the finding that __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Jochem saw the child fall through the ice at the lake, he never hesitated and immediately dove in to save the child. This is an example of __________ behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does NOT represent altruistic behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evolutionary psychology is the study of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do evolutionary psychologists use the concepts of kin selection and the reciprocity norm to explain human prosocial behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe notion of kin selection posits that ...View AnswerShow Answer

Research has demonstrated that people will help in-group members because __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Elaine explains that she donates money to charity because, "It makes me feel like I'm investing in the future. It just feels good!" Her motive for helping is BEST described by which theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following challenges to the evolutionary theory of altruism was NOT reported in your book?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on information from your text about the rates of volunteerism, which of the following countries has the highest rate of volunteerism in its population (47%) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gillian is sitting in a crowded coffee shop when she hears the squeal of brakes and the crash of metal-on-metal. She looks around and notices that all the other customers remain engrossed in their conversations. Because these cool and calm responses __________, Gillian will be __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In support for the empathy-altruism hypothesis, researchers (Toi & Batson, 1982) found that participants were most likely to help a student named Carol who was injured in an automobile accident when they were told __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prosocial behavior is to __________ as altruism is to __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social exchange theory would have the most trouble explaining which of the following helping situations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A giant tornado is bearing down on Dorothy's farmhouse. She only has time to help one other resident. Based on research regarding kin selection, whom will Dorothy take with her to the storm cellar?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When considering altruistic behaviors, which of the following is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to research presented by the authors of your text, in which of the following cities would you be the most likely to be helped if you needed help crossing a busy street?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast altruism and prosocial behavior. In your explanation, include a good example of each concept that makes the primary difference between the concepts very clear.

Correct AnswerverifiedAltruism is the desire to help another p...View AnswerShow Answer

According to Milgram's (1970) __________ hypothesis, compared to rural dwellers, people in large cities are bombarded with stimulation and work to reduce it by keeping to themselves.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A woman's car is stuck in the snow and she needs a push to get free. is more likely to stop to help her out because .

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The notion of kin selection posits that ...
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Gillian is sitting in a crowded coffee shop when she hears the squeal of brakes and the crash of metal-on-metal. She looks around and notices that all the other customers remain engrossed in their conversations. Because these cool and calm responses , Gillian will be .

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Prosocial behavior is to as altruism is to .

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Altruism is the desire to help another p...
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