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Exam 8: Operant Procedures: Punishment

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Question 21

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All of the following enhance the effectiveness of punishment except _______.

A) using strong punishers
B) withholding reinforcement of the punished behavior
C) punishing immediately
D) increasing the reinforcer deprivation level

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Question 22

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An early theory of punishment proposed that response suppression occurred because aversives disrupt ongoing behavior.

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Question 23

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________ punishment is often confused with ________ reinforcement.

It is common practice to begin punishment with a very weak punisher and gradually increase the intensity of the punisher until one finds an effective level of intensity. Is this a good ideahy or why not?

One problem with punishment is the tendency to imitate the use of punishment. Two other problems are________.

Harriet hears a noise in the kitchen and investigates. She finds the cookie jar in pieces on the floor and 5-year-old Willy standing nearby. Harriet knows what happened, but asks Willy anyway. Willy admits that he broke the jar while trying to get cookies. Harriet gives Willy a spanking. Willy is most likely to learn from this experience that _______.

The first formal studies of punishment were probably done by _________ .

The term punishment, as used by behavior scientists, has nothing to do with retribution.

Negative punishment is also sometimes called ______ training.

The use of punishers is so common that _______ concluded that "The world runs on fear."

Murray Sidman's book on aversive control, including punishment, is called ______.

Although punishment can have negative side effects, there is evidence that it can also have positive side effects. Completion

The two-process theory of punishment assumes that punishment involves ___________.

Delaying delivery of a punisher is most likely to ______.

Frequent use of weak punishers is more effective than occasional use of intense punishers.

The main difference between positive and negative punishment is that in negative punishment a stimulus is_________.

David Camp and colleagues found that even a delay of only _____ reduced the effectiveness of a punisher.

If Charles Catania's thinking about reinforcement is applied to punishment, we can say that all of the following are true of punishment except _______.

Abnormal behavior may persist despite aversive consequences because it also produces reinforcing consequences.

Positive punishment is most often confused with _______.