A) They promote uniform application of rules.
B) They promote administrative discretion.
C) They promote close coordination with Congress on implementation decisions.
D) They promote coordination across agencies on implementation decisions.- Consider This: SOPs are designed to streamline the execution of processes through standard application,thus eliminating the need for extensive coordination on issues of implementation.
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A) when an agency is creating environmental regulations
B) when an agency is under congressional investigation
C) when an agency is implementing a vague law
D) when an agency is proposing legislation -Consider This: Administrative discretion allows bureaucrats to bring the gap between the policy prescription and the situation on the ground.
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A) due to growing concerns about a poorly functioning federal bureaucracy
B) due to public pressure to shrink the size of the federal bureaucracy -Consider This: The civil service system expanded the federal bureaucracy.
C) due to a Supreme Court decision ruling the spoils system unconstitutional
D) due to congressional demands for greater control over the federal bureaucracy
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A) requiring a restaurant to serve sugary soft drinks in smaller cups
B) lowering the drinking age and requiring states to implement the new standards
C) reducing federal subsidies to public schools whose students have excessive absences
D) lowering taxes for bourbon distilleries in order to boost the Kentucky economy -Consider This: The incentive system approach to regulation is designed to institute a market-like approach to public policy management to encourage a desired policy benefit.
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A) the power to influence budgets
B) the power to issue executive orders
C) the power to sign executive agreements
D) the power to hold oversight hearings -Consider This: Congress has many powers not designated to the president,such as the power to hold oversight hearings.As a result,the president can attempt to indirectly exert authority over areas under the formal control of Congress.
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A) reducing the exercise of administrative discretion -Consider This: The overall goal of civil service reform has been to create a nonpartisan government service,free of patronage or party influence.
B) reducing the influence of partisan politics on the federal bureaucracy
C) increasing presidential control of the federal bureaucracy
D) streamlining the policy implementation process
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A) The spoils system
B) Command-and-control policy
C) The shoot-first-and-ask-questions-later system
D) The incentive system -Consider This: The incentive system is designed to offer rewards for business compliance with government standards rather than strict and specific regulation of those businesses.The approach in question,however,is highly specific in the directives provided by government.
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A) Government corporations perform activities that private companies cannot.-Consider This: Government corporations are distinct from other segments of the federal bureaucracy in part because of their ability to perform many of the same services as their private counterparts.This does not mean,however,that they function as publicly-traded companies do.
B) Government corporations need less government oversight than private companies.
C) Government corporations cannot sell stock,whereas private companies can.
D) Government corporations can borrow money,whereas private companies cannot.
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C
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A) Americans tend to notice the bureaucracy only when it is inefficient and not when it works well.
B) Americans unwittingly transfer their negative assessments of private bureaucracies (such as businesses and churches) to the public sphere.
C) Americans generally have poor experiences when dealing with bureaucrats.-Consider This: Studies show that at least two-thirds of Americans who have had dealings with bureaucrats have characterized their experiences as favorable.Despite this,Americans typically do not give credit to bureaucracies themselves for promoting greater organization or streamlining complex processes.
D) Red is a more inflammatory color than black.
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A
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A) the Food and Drug Administration -Consider This: Government corporations often charge for their services and offer services that could potentially be provided by private entities.
B) the Federal Elections Commission
C) the U.S.Postal Service
D) the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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A) the growth of the Republican Party in the 1880s
B) the expansion of the federal bureaucracy in the 1880s —Consider This: Although patronage expanded the federal bureaucracy during the Gilded Age, it took a dramatic and unanticipated development to encourage civil service reform.
C) the assassination of James Garfield in 1881
D) the election of Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876
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A) inefficiency -Consider This: Although Weber acknowledged that extensive bureaucratic rules may at times go to extremes,he stressed the consistency of these rules rather than a tendency to promote inefficiency.In general,he addressed characteristics designed to aid the work of bureaucrats,who he saw as experts in their respective fields.
B) hierarchical structure
C) extensive rules
D) task specialization
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A) adjudicating legal disputes
B) exercising administrative discretion
C) running for partisan office
D) running voter registration drives -Consider This: The Hatch Act was designed to prevent civil service employees from engaging in activities that would demonstrate a choice of sides in elections; it does not prevent non-aligned involvement in elections generally.
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A) Congress,the president,and the courts
B) businesses,interest groups,and political action committees -Consider This: Members of iron triangles are characterized by mutual dependency in which all of the entities provide some benefit to the others.
C) politicians,candidates,and bureaucrats
D) bureaucratic agencies,interest groups,and congressional committees and subcommittees
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D
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A) the Department of Homeland Security
B) the Department of Defense
C) the Department of Veterans Affairs
D) the U.S.Postal Service -Consider This: Although the Postal Service employs over a half a million people,the Postal Service is an independent establishment under the Executive Branch and operates as a government corporation.The agency in question makes up more than half of the government bureaucracy.
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A) Command-and-control policies use marketlike strategies,whereas incentive systems do not.-Consider This: Incentive strategies utilize market-like strategies to encourage particular policy results while command-and-control policies require a specific regulatory path.
B) Command-and-control policies are typically more efficient than incentive systems.
C) Command-and-control policies are typically more equitable than incentive systems.
D) Command-and-control policies typically focus on punishing those who violate the law,whereas incentive systems often include rewards.
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A) sending inspectors to evaluate compliance
B) charging higher taxes to those not in compliance
C) deploying the armed forces to force compliance
D) sending members of Congress to assess the need for new legislation -Consider This: Congress is responsible for setting strategies used to empower regulatory agencies,not for personally ensuring compliance with rules and guidelines.
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A) The president has final say over all department budgets,but has no control of the budgets of independent agencies.
B) The president proposes agency budgets,but depends on Congress for appropriations of federal money.
C) The president has sole authority to determine executive administrative budgets.-Consider This: Although the head of the executive branch,the president does not hold "power of the purse," as specified in the Constitution.
D) The president has no authority in the budgeting process.
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A) regulation
B) adjudication
C) oversight —Consider This: The EPA has the authority to change or control a practice in the private section, powers above and beyond the reach of supervision.
D) deliberation
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A) Civil servants represent the American elite.-Consider This: Judges,legislators,and lawyers are more likely to have higher education levels and greater wealth than civil servants.
B) Civil servants go through a process similar to presidential appointees.
C) There are too many civil servants to attain proper demographic information.
D) Civil servants are representative of the American population as a whole.
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