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In Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) the Supreme Court ruled that in making admissions decisions, universities could consider race


A) not at all.
B) as long as it was rationally related to a reasonable university policy.
C) as a factor, but not an overriding factor.
D) as its sole consideration.
E) only if the university could show a lack of diversity.

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C

Explain the key features of the separate but equal doctrine created by the Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.

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The separate but equal doctrine resulted...

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In which year did 18-year-olds get the right to vote?


A) 1828
B) 1868
C) 1919
D) 1948
E) 1971

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What outcome resulted from most of the 370 treaties entered into between Native American tribes and the federal government between 1778 and 1870?


A) The tribes received access to land.
B) The tribes were granted resource and occupancy rights, but not land.
C) The tribes and the federal government reached financial settlements.
D) The federal government reneged on its promises, and the tribes received no land.
E) The tribes sued the federal government for increased lands and often won.

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Which is the largest minority group in the United States?


A) African Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Latinos
D) Native Americans
E) None of these answers is correct.

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C

Of the following, which have the lowest average wage?


A) white, non-Hispanic women
B) African American men
C) African American women
D) Hispanic men
E) Hispanic women

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Which group constitutes the majority of growth in the Latino population in the United States?


A) immigrants from Central America
B) U.S.-born children of Latinos
C) immigrants from Mexico
D) Latino immigrants
E) undocumented Latino immigrants

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Which Supreme Court decision ended the federal government's support for separate but equal practices in the southern states?


A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
C) Loving v. Virginia
D) Miller v. California
E) Minor v. Happersett

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The experience of facing discrimination for multiple reasons, such as because you are black, low-income, and female is known as


A) steering.
B) de facto segregation.
C) de jure segregation.
D) intersectionality.
E) heightened scrutiny.

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D

Which amendment was passed in 1868 and provided for due process of law, equal protection under the law, and respect for the privileges and immunities of all citizens?


A) Twelfth Amendment
B) Thirteenth Amendment
C) Fourteenth Amendment
D) Fifteenth Amendment
E) Sixteenth Amendment

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Another name for the Civil Rights Act of 1872, which made it a federal crime to deprive individuals of their rights, is the


A) Enforcement Act.
B) Anti-Ku Klux Klan Act.
C) Voting Rights Act.
D) Equal Voting Rights Act.
E) Equal Opportunity Act.

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Which amendment was passed in 1865 and outlawed slavery?


A) Twelfth Amendment
B) Thirteenth Amendment
C) Fourteenth Amendment
D) Fifteenth Amendment
E) Sixteenth Amendment

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Discuss the effects of the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) of 1990 on the civil rights of disabled Americans.

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The ADA transformed the range of opportu...

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From which country of origin does the largest percentage of Asian Americans derive?


A) India
B) China
C) Japan
D) Korea
E) the Philippines

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Southern miscegenation laws that banned interracial marriage or cohabitation are an example of


A) a grandfather clause.
B) de jure segregation.
C) de facto segregation.
D) the separate but equal doctrine.
E) the Black Codes.

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Which civil rights legislation banned discriminatory voter registration practices and mandated federal intervention in any county with less than 50 percent of those eligible registered to vote?


A) Civil Rights Act of 1964
B) Voting Rights Act of 1965
C) Civil Rights Act of 1965
D) Civil Rights Act of 1968
E) Voting Rights Act of 1968

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Under the 1976 case of Craig v. Boren, in order for different treatment in a sex-based discrimination case to be legal it must be


A) necessary to achieve a compelling public interest.
B) a reasonable means for achieving a legitimate public interest.
C) substantially related to an important government interest.
D) rationally related to a legitimate government interest.
E) narrowly tailored because it deals with a suspect classification.

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In its 2013 Shelby v. Alabama decision about voting rights, the Supreme Court


A) found unconstitutional a portion of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
B) found unconstitutional the entirety of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
C) ordered the Justice Department to send more voting monitors to several southern states.
D) determined that no citizen shall be required to produce identification in order to vote.
E) determined that all House of Representatives district boundaries must be approved by a federal judge.

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In what city was Martin Luther King, Jr., assassinated in 1968, setting off riots in more than 100 cities?


A) Montgomery, Alabama
B) Atlanta, Georgia
C) Memphis, Tennessee
D) Dallas, Texas
E) Watts, California

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Which amendment to the Constitution prohibits the federal government from abridging or denying citizens the right to vote on account of sex?


A) Twenty-First
B) Twentieth
C) Nineteenth
D) Eighteenth
E) Fourteenth

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