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Exam 16: Thermodynamics

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Question 1

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If an ideal gas does positive work on its surroundings, we may assume, with regard to the gas, that its:

A) temperature increases.
B) volume increases.
C) pressure increases.
D) internal energy decreases.

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Question 2

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According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following applies to the heat received from a high temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in a complete cycle?

A) must be completely converted to work
B) equals the entropy increase
C) converted completely into internal energy
D) cannot be completely converted to work

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Question 3

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On a P-V diagram, if a process involves a closed curve, the area inside the curve represents:

In an isothermal process where the pressure decreases from to , does the internal energy of the system increase, decrease, or stay the same; and does the entropy of the system increase or decrease?

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system (where the internal energy doesn't change) , which of the following choices best corresponds to the value of the work done by the system?

In an isochoric process where the pressure increases from to , does the internal energy of the system increase or decrease and does the temperature increase or decrease?

A 4-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 28 J of work on its environment. How much heat is received by the system?

Of the following heat engines, which has the highest efficiency?

The adiabatic index, , of a gas is given by which of the following?

In which system is heat usually transferred from the cooler part to the warmer part?

A 1.0-kg chunk of ice at 0 $\degree$ C melts, absorbing 80,000 cal of heat in the process. Which of the following best describes what happens to this system?

In an isobaric process 3.6 * 10⁴ J of work is done on a quantity of gas while its volume changes from 2.3 m³ to 1.1 m³. What is the pressure during this process?

Suppose a power plant uses a Carnot engine to generate electricity, using the atmosphere at 300 K as the low-temperature reservoir. Suppose the power plant produces an amount of electricity with the hot reservoir at 500 K during Day One and then produces the same amount of electricity with the hot reservoir at 600 K during Day Two. The thermal pollution was:

The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between 100 $\degree$ C and 0 $\degree$ C is most nearly:

On a PV diagram, 2 curves are plotted, both starting at the same point (P₁, V₁) and both ending at the same increased volume (V₂) . One curve is for an isothermal process; the other is for an adiabatic process. Except for the common starting point, which curve is the upper one?

A 600-MW electric power plant has an efficiency of 30%. It loses its waste heat in large cooling towers. Approximately how much waste heat (in MJ) is discharged to the atmosphere per second?

The maximum theoretical thermodynamic efficiency of a heat engine operating between hot and cold reservoirs is a function of which of the following?

According to the first law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which of the following choices applies?

A 2.00-kg block of ice is at STP (0 $\degree$ C, 1 atm) while it melts completely to water. What is its change in entropy? (For ice, L_f = 3.34 *10⁵ J/kg)

A heat engine operating between a pair of hot and cold reservoirs with respective temperatures of 500 K and 300 K will have what maximum efficiency?