Question 1

What is a gene?

Accepted Answer

A)   a segment of DNA containing information for assembling the sequence of amino acids for a specific protein
B)   a molecule of DNA containing thousands of nucleotides
C)   a change in DNA that may cause an inherited disease
D)   an alteration in the DNA that is caused by environmental factors
E)   All of the above are definitions of a gene.

Question 2

In a nucleotide, what type of functional group joins the phosphate group to the sugar?

Accepted Answer

A)   a carboxylic acid
B)   a glycosidic bond
C)   a monophosphate ester
D)   an amide
E)   an ether

Question 3

The boxed portion of the following structure represents a

Accepted Answer

A)   salt bridge.
B)   hydrogen bond.
C)   disulfide bridge.
D)   hydrophobic interaction.
E)   hydrophilic interaction.

Question 4

Which of the following molecules is a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)   I only
B)   II only
C)   III only
D)   I and II
E)   II and III

Question 5

Transcription occurs in the ________, whereas translation occurs in the _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cytoplasm; nucleus
B)   mitochondria; cytoplasm
C)   nucleus; mitochondria
D)   cytoplasm; mitochondria
E)   nucleus; cytoplasm

Question 6

Which statements BEST describes what occurs during translation?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA is reproduced.
B)   Protein is synthesized using DNA as a template.
C)   Protein is synthesized using mRNA as a template.
D)   mRNA is synthesized using DNA as a template.
E)   mRNA is synthesized using protein as a template.

Question 7

How many chromosomes do most human cells contain?

Accepted Answer

A)   12
B)   23
C)   37
D)   46
E)   The number varies from cell to cell.

Question 8

The nucleoside below is found in DNA and not RNA.Which of the following statements supports this molecule being a DNA nucleoside?

Accepted Answer

A)   The molecule is the β-anomer.
B)   The molecule contains a pyrimidine.
C)   The molecule contains a purine.
D)   The molecule contains a 2-deoxy-D-ribose.
E)   The molecule contains a D-ribose.

Question 9

Each person has about ______ genes.

Accepted Answer

A)   1,000
B)   10,000
C)   30,000
D)   50,0000
E)   100,000

Question 10

Which statement BEST describes why the sugar phosphate nucleic acid backbone is on the outer part of the DNA double helix while the nitrogen bases are on the inside of the double helix?

Accepted Answer

A)   The sugar phosphate backbone is hydrophilic while the bases are less polar.
B)   The sugar phosphate backbone is hydrophobic while the bases are hydrophilic.
C)   The sugar phosphate backbones of the two strands are bonded together.
D)   The nitrogen bases are covalently bonded to each other.
E)   There is no reason; the structure is just that way.

Question 11

What type of permanent alteration of the chemical structure of a gene occurs after birth?

Accepted Answer

A)   an inherited mutation
B)   a genetic disease
C)   cervical cancer
D)   altered proteins
E)   an acquired mutation

Question 12

What happens when a particular protein is needed by a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   The cell dies.
B)   The gene for that cell is expressed.
C)   The gene for that cell is replicated.
D)   The entire DNA strand containing the appropriate gene is expressed.
E)   The entire DNA strand containing the appropriate gene is replicated.

Question 13

How is the amino acid attached to the tRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are connected by dipole-dipole interactions.
B)   They are connected by hydrogen bonds.
C)   They are connected by ionic interactions.
D)   They are connected by amide bonds.
E)   They are connected by ester bonds.

Question 14

What is the role of HIV protease in HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is part of transcription.
B)   It is part of translation.
C)   It is the enzyme that attaches to T-cells.
D)   It makes the capsid.
E)   It cuts polyproteins into individual proteins and enzymes.

Question 15

In the diagram below, letter F is _______, letter E is__________, and letter B is____.  ​

Accepted Answer

A)   rRNA; mRNA; tRNA
B)   rRNA; tRNA; mRNA
C)   tRNA; rRNA; mRNA
D)   tRNA; mRNA; rRNA
E)   mRNA; rRNA; tRNA

Question 16

In the following drawing of a DNA double helix, arrow II is pointing to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA base pair.
B)   ionic bond.
C)   sugar phosphate backbone.
D)   polar covalent bond.
E)   hydrophilic interaction.

Question 17

All living organisms have the same

Accepted Answer

A)   genes.
B)   chromosomes.
C)   proteins.
D)   genetic code.
E)   DNA sequence.

Question 18

Which choice BEST describes the interaction between DNA and a histone?

Accepted Answer

A)   The negative charges on a histone attract the positive DNA.
B)   The positive charges on a histone attract the negative DNA.
C)   Hydrogen bonding occurs between a histone and DNA.
D)   DNA forms a covalent bond with a histone.
E)   There is a phosphate bond between a histone and DNA.

Question 19

Which type of RNA is the complement of the template strand of DNA in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)   ribosomal RNA (rRN
A)  
B)   RNA polymerase
C)   messenger RNA (mRN
A)  
D)   transfer RNA (tRN
A)  
E)   All of these are the complement of the DNA.

Question 20

A mRNA sequence that codes for a protein is 5′-CAA GGG UAC-3′.Which of the following choices does NOT cause a change in the amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)   5′-CAA GCG GUA C-3′
B)   5′-CAG GGG UAC-3′
C)   5′-GAA GGG UAC-3′
D)   5′-CAA GGG UAA-3′
E)   These are all mutations.

Exam 17: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

How many chromosomes do most human cells contain?

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How is the amino acid attached to the tRNA molecule?

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Which choice BEST describes the interaction between DNA and a histone?

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The nucleoside below is found in DNA and not RNA.Which of the following statements supports this molecule being a DNA nucleoside?

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Each person has about ______ genes.

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Which statements BEST describes what occurs during translation?

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What happens when a particular protein is needed by a cell?

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What is the role of HIV protease in HIV infection?

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What is a gene?

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The boxed portion of the following structure represents a

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What type of permanent alteration of the chemical structure of a gene occurs after birth?

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Which type of RNA is the complement of the template strand of DNA in the nucleus?

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In the following drawing of a DNA double helix, arrow II is pointing to a(n)

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Transcription occurs in the ________, whereas translation occurs in the _________.

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Which of the following molecules is a nucleotide?

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Which statement BEST describes why the sugar phosphate nucleic acid backbone is on the outer part of the DNA double helix while the nitrogen bases are on the inside of the double helix?

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In the diagram below, letter F is _______, letter E is__________, and letter B is____. ​

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All living organisms have the same

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In a nucleotide, what type of functional group joins the phosphate group to the sugar?

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A mRNA sequence that codes for a protein is 5′-CAA GGG UAC-3′.Which of the following choices does NOT cause a change in the amino acid sequence?

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Transcription occurs in the , whereas translation occurs in the _.

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In the diagram below, letter F is _, letter E is, and letter B is.

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