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Ecosystems are composed of _________ and ____________ that function in a balanced manner.


A) multicellular organisms; single-celled organisms
B) plants; animals
C) organisms; plants
D) organisms; geologic components

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Of the following,humans are most related to


A) cyano-bacteria.
B) methano-bacterium.
C) slime molds.
D) halobacterium.

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What are chemofossils?


A) chemically treated fossil remains
B) chemical remains of fossils
C) minerals made by organisms
D) organic molecules produced by microorganism that resist weathering

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Microbes were the only organisms on Earth from 3.5 billion years ago to


A) 1 million years ago.
B) 1 billion years ago.
C) 2) 5 billion years ago.
D) 100 million years ago.

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Ecosystems are characterized by the exchange of _________ and ____________ between their organisms and their environments.


A) energy; matter
B) plants; animals
C) fluids; solids
D) minerals; rocks

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The marked rise in oxygen in Earth's atmosphere coincides with the first appearance of _________ in the rock record.


A) banded iron formation
B) red beds
C) eukaryotic algae
D) both B and C

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The pathway through which a chemical element or molecule moves between the biological and environmental components of an ecosystem is called the


A) biogeochemical cycle.
B) biomicrobial cycle.
C) geometabolic cycle.
D) geosynthesis cycle.

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How many major mass extinction events have taken place in the Phanerozoic eon?


A) three
B) six
C) five
D) one

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Sedimentary features that form from the interaction of microbes with their environment are called


A) nodules.
B) stromatolites.
C) branching columns.
D) laminations.

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The second major rise in oxygen in Earth's atmosphere around 580 Ma was caused by


A) the radiation of multicellular photosynthetic organisms.
B) the erosion of red beds.
C) global volcanic activity.
D) something that scientists are still uncertain about.

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________ is a mineral found on the surface of Mars that indicates that the surface waters were very acidic.


A) Hematite
B) Pyrite
C) Jarosite
D) Iron-oxide

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Halophiles are _____ with a tolerance for high______.


A) thermophiles; salinity
B) extremophiles; acidity
C) acidophiles; temperature
D) extremeophiles; salinity

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Photosynthesis became an important metabolic process approximately _____ years ago.


A) 3) 5 billion
B) 2) 7 billion
C) 2) 5 billion
D) 1) 1 billion

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Microbes live in


A) air.
B) rocks.
C) soil.
D) air,rocks,and soil.

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