Question 1

Pericarditis may be caused by:
1)  infection.
2)  abnormal immune responses.
3)  injury.
4)  malignant neoplasm.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2
B)  3, 4
C)  1, 3, 4
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 D

Question 2

Which of the following is a result of increased secretion of epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased heart rate and force of contraction
B)   Decreased stimulation of the SA node and ventricles
C)   Vasoconstriction in skeletal muscles and kidneys
D)   Vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels

Question 3

The first arteries to branch off the aorta are the:

Accepted Answer

A)   common carotid arteries.
B)   pulmonary arteries.
C)   coronary arteries.
D)   subclavian arteries.

Question 4

Compensation mechanisms for decreased cardiac output in cases of congestive heart failure include:

Accepted Answer

A)   slow cardiac contractions.
B)   increased renin and aldosterone secretions.
C)   decreased erythropoietin secretion.
D)   fatigue and cold intolerance.

Question 5

With shock, anaerobic cell metabolism and decreased renal blood flow cause:

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic alkalosis.
B)   metabolic acidosis.
C)   decreased serum potassium.
D)   increased serum bicarbonate.

Question 6

When stroke volume decreases, which of the following could maintain cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

A)   Decreased peripheral resistance
B)   Increased heart rate
C)   Decreased venous return
D)   General vasodilation

Question 7

A compensation for shock would include:

Accepted Answer

A)   increased heart rate and oliguria.
B)   lethargy and decreased responsiveness.
C)   warm, dry, flushed skin.
D)   weak, thready pulse.

Question 8

Significant signs of right-sided congestive heart failure include:

Accepted Answer

A)   severe chest pain and tachycardia.
B)   edematous feet and legs with hepatomegaly.
C)   frequent cough with blood-streaked frothy sputum.
D)   orthopnea, fatigue, increased blood pressure.

Question 9

The basic pathophysiological change associated with essential hypertension is:

Accepted Answer

A)   development of lipid plaques in large arteries.
B)   recurrent inflammation and fibrosis in peripheral arteries.
C)   degeneration and loss of elasticity in arteries.
D)   increased systemic vasoconstriction.

Question 10

The right side of the heart would fail first in the case of:
1)  severe mitral valve stenosis.
2)  uncontrolled essential hypertension.
3)  large infarction in the right ventricle.
4)  advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2
B)  2, 3
C)  1, 4
D)  3, 4 D

Question 11

Confirmation of the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction would include:
1)  specific changes in the ECG.
2)  marked leukocytosis and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) .
3)  elevation of cardiac isoenzymes in serum.
4)  a pattern of pain.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2
B)  1, 3
C)  2, 4
D)  3, 4

Question 12

When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI) , which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Both angina and MI cause tissue necrosis.
B)   Angina often occurs at rest; MI occurs during a stressful time.
C)   Pain is more severe and lasts longer with angina than with MI.
D)   Angina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; the pain of MI is not. D

Question 13

A cardiac pacemaker would most likely be inserted in cases of:

Accepted Answer

A)   angina pectoris.
B)   heart block.
C)   congestive heart failure.
D)   ventricular fibrillation.

Question 14

Which of the following is considered to be the most dangerous arrhythmia?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tachycardia
B)   Bradycardia
C)   Ventricular fibrillation
D)   Second-degree heart block

Question 15

Which change results from total heart block?

Accepted Answer

A)   A prolonged PR interval
B)   Periodic omission of a ventricular contraction
C)   A wide QRS wave
D)   Spontaneous slow ventricular contractions, not coordinated with atrial contraction

Question 16

A friction rub is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)   infectious endocarditis.
B)   arrhythmias.
C)   pericarditis.
D)   an incompetent aortic valve.

Question 17

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) :

Accepted Answer

A)   promote atheroma development.
B)   contain only small amounts of cholesterol.
C)   transport cholesterol from cells to the liver for excretion.
D)   are associated with low intake of saturated fats.

Question 18

The classic early manifestation(s)  of left-sided congestive heart failure is/are ____, whereas the early indicator(s)  of right-sided failure is/are _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   palpitations and periodic chest pain; shortness of breath on exertion
B)   swelling of the ankles and abdomen; chest pain
C)   shortness of breath on exertion or lying down; swelling of the ankles
D)   coughing up frothy sputum; hepatomegaly and splenomegaly

Question 19

A very rapid heart rate reduces cardiac output because:

Accepted Answer

A)   venous return is increased.
B)   ventricular fibrillation develops immediately.
C)   conduction through the AV node is impaired.
D)   ventricular filling is reduced.

Question 20

Vasodilation in the skin and viscera results directly from:

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased blood pressure.
B)   increased parasympathetic stimulation.
C)   relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterioles.
D)   increased stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors.

Exam 12: Cardiovascular System Disorders

Pericarditis may be caused by: 1) infection. 2) abnormal immune responses. 3) injury. 4) malignant neoplasm.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which of the following is a result of increased secretion of epinephrine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first arteries to branch off the aorta are the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compensation mechanisms for decreased cardiac output in cases of congestive heart failure include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With shock, anaerobic cell metabolism and decreased renal blood flow cause:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When stroke volume decreases, which of the following could maintain cardiac output?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A compensation for shock would include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Significant signs of right-sided congestive heart failure include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The basic pathophysiological change associated with essential hypertension is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The right side of the heart would fail first in the case of: 1) severe mitral valve stenosis. 2) uncontrolled essential hypertension. 3) large infarction in the right ventricle. 4) advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Confirmation of the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction would include: 1) specific changes in the ECG. 2) marked leukocytosis and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) . 3) elevation of cardiac isoenzymes in serum. 4) a pattern of pain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI) , which statement is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

A cardiac pacemaker would most likely be inserted in cases of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is considered to be the most dangerous arrhythmia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which change results from total heart block?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A friction rub is associated with:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The classic early manifestation(s) of left-sided congestive heart failure is/are ____, whereas the early indicator(s) of right-sided failure is/are _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A very rapid heart rate reduces cardiac output because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vasodilation in the skin and viscera results directly from:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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D

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The classic early manifestation(s) of left-sided congestive heart failure is/are , whereas the early indicator(s) of right-sided failure is/are ___.

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