Exam 7: Primate Sociality, Social Behavior, and Culture

Correct Answer

verified

The use of playback experiments has incr...

View Answer

Show Answer

A) one male, multifemale
B) one female, multimale
C) multimale, multifemale
D) solitary

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) to increase female fecundity in dominant females only
B) to increase interaction between sexually mature males and females
C) to establish social relationships to prevent attacks from predators
D) to share food sources

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) refers to a social group that includes one reproductively active female and several adult males and their offspring.
B) refers to a social group that includes one female and several males.
C) means "many offspring."
D) refers to a social group that includes one adult male and several adult females and their offspring.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) a social group that is dominated by a single sex.
B) a social group that includes an adult male, an adult female, and their offspring.
C) primates that live exclusively as a nuclear family.
D) a primate social group that includes an adult male and several adult females with their offspring.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) Although chimpanzees are intelligent, their ability to use tools is so advanced that it is assumed that a large part of that ability is genetic.
B) Chimpanzees, being very intelligent, learn to modify and use tools in the wild, but active teaching of the young by adults seems to be only found in humans; chimpanzees do not do this.
C) Even though chimpanzees independently learn to use tools across Africa, the exact kind of tool and its use almost never varies from place to place; all chimpanzee groups have the same three or four tools.
D) Chimpanzees are highly intelligent; mothers have been seen teaching their young to use tools; which tools are used and for what purposes varies from location to location.

Correct Answer

verified

D

A) nonaltruistic behavior toward other members of the kin group.
B) altruistic behavior that increases the donor's inclusive fitness.
C) altruistic behavior that promotes kin-like bonding among nonkin.
D) behavior that increases only the donor's fitness.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) communicate as humans do.
B) solve distressing situations among primate groups.
C) name resources and monitor the social group.
D) communicate, but only between members of the same hierarchy.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) baboon
B) gibbon
C) orangutan
D) chimpanzee

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

Correct Answer

verified

Primate social groups are strongly influenced by food availability, environment, and competition. For example, groups break apart if food is scarce and reunite when food availability increases.There are six main types of primate residence patterns.One-male, multifemale groups include one reproductive-age male, several mature females, and their immature offspring.These groups are polygynous; one male has more than one partner.An example is baboons.One-female, multimale groups include one reproductive female, several mature males, and their immature offspring.These groups are polyandrous; one female mates with multiple males.The males often cooperate in parenting.Only some New World monkeys practice this type of social organization.Multimale, multifemale groups consist of many adults (male and female) and their offspring.Both sexes mate promiscuously.Competition for mates is relatively low; many Old World monkeys, some New World monkeys, and chimpanzees fit into this category.All-male groups form in some species.One-male, one-female groups consist of an adult male, an adult female, and their immature offspring.Males generally invest heavily in the young, and mating is generally monogamous.Gibbons, some cebids, and some prosimians are characterized by this grouping pattern.Some primates are solitary with limited interaction between adult males and adult females.Orangutans and a few prosimians are solitary.

A) lower her access to resources and the lower the survival rate of her offspring.
B) lower her access to resources and the greater the survival rate of her offspring.
C) greater her access to resources, which results in lower birth rates.
D) greater her access to resources, which results in higher birth rates.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) relates to sexual courtship rituals in primates.
B) is the study of sexual intercourse between primates.
C) tends to be lower than in groups where males disperse and compete with unrelated males.
D) determines male and female social hierarchy.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) bonding with the dominant male monogamously.
B) having one birth per year.
C) having twin births every year.
D) caring for young and ensuring access to food.

Correct Answer

verified

D

Correct Answer

verified

In many primates, males compete physical...

View Answer

Show Answer

A) due to the polygamous social structure in gibbons.
B) as the result of unequal access to resources within their environment.
C) due to decreased competition for mates in a monogamous social structure.
D) that is unrelated to social structure in gibbons.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) by rank, age, and kinship
B) by relative age, which is affected by "baby booms"
C) only by rank
D) primarily by species and subspecies

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) is dependent upon kin selection.
B) can be highly variable, depending on season and rainfall.
C) is determined primarily by the alpha male.
D) is restricted to individuals high up in the dominance hierarchy.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) primate communication is very simple and across all the species consists of only a handful of "meaningful" sounds; this is entirely different from human language.
B) although some primates have the ability to transmit meaning from one individual to another, this always happens within a species, never between species; this is similar to humans, since humans do not really understand other animals either.
C) many primates make sounds that seem to be labels for things, like specific food items or specific predators, but primate communication lacks nuance or complexity of any kind; this is unlike human language.
D) for at least some Old World monkeys and apes, communication seems to be very context dependent, and specific sounds can have different meanings by making small changes; this is like human language.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer