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What root refers to the second of the three sections of the small intestine and literally means "empty"?


A) colon/o
B) duoden/o
C) enter/o
D) ile/o
E) jejun/o

Correct Answer

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Which of the following roots is part of the lower gastrointestinal tract?


A) enter/o
B) gloss/o
C) lingu/o
D) odont/o
E) stomat/o

Correct Answer

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Translate the medical term abdominocentesis as literally as possible.


A) Abdomen binding
B) Abdomen fixation
C) Abdomen puncture
D) Abdomen reconstruction
E) Abdomen suture

Correct Answer

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Translate the root sigmoid/o.


A) The final portion of the colon before it arrives at the sphincter
B) The mouth
C) The portion of the large intestine at the end of the colon before the rectum
D) The portion of the small intestine located in the lower abdomen
E) The sphincter or muscle at the end of the intestines that allows for the passage of feces

Correct Answer

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Read the following excerpt from a health record: HPI Mrs) Roxana Collach presented to the ED with a 2-day history of increasing epigastric pain. She described the pain as constant and dull with radiation to her back. She also had progressive anorexia. She denied nausea, emesis, or diarrhea. She was febrile in the ED and had marked epigastric tenderness on exam with guarding. Her abdomen was slightly distended, and she was mildly jaundiced. Her elevated amylase and lipase confirmed the suspicion of acute pancreatitis. She was admitted for pain control and IVF. Which of the following statements is NOT true, given the health record information?


A) Mrs. Collach has a slight yellowing of the skin.
B) The lab results confirmed the patient has an inflamed pancreas.
C) The patient experienced pain in the upper center portion of the abdomen.
D) The patient is showing signs of icterus.
E) Upon examination the patient revealed tenderness in the lower center portion of the abdomen.

Correct Answer

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Which is the correct breakdown of the medical term anosigmoidoscopy into its component parts?


A) anosigmoido/scopy
B) anosigmo/idoscopy
C) anos/igmo/ido/scopy
D) ano/sigmoido/scopy
E) an/osigmo/ido/scopy

Correct Answer

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What are the correct definitions for the medical terms underlined below? Laboratory Data: Significant for increased LFTs, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperbilirubinemia.


A) LFTs = liver function tests hypoalbuminemia: hypo (over) + albumin (albumin) + emia (blood condition) = too much albumin in the blood
Hyperbilirubinemia: hyper (under) + bilirubin (bilirubin) + emia (blood condition) = not enough bilirubin in the blood
B) LFTs = liver function tests hypoalbuminemia: hypo (over) + albumin (albumin) + emia (urine condition) = too much albumin in the urine
Hyperbilirubinemia: hyper (under) + bilirubin (bilirubin) + emia (urine condition) = not enough bilirubin in the urine
C) LFTs = liver function tests hypoalbuminemia: hypo (under) + albumin (albumin) + emia (blood condition) = not enough albumin in the blood
Hyperbilirubinemia: hyper (over) + bilirubin (bilirubin) + emia (blood condition) = too much bilirubin in the blood
D) LFTs = liver function tests hypoalbuminemia: hypo (under) + albumin (albumin) + emia (urine condition) = not enough albumin in the urine
Hyperbilirubinemia: hyper (over) + bilirubin (bilirubin) + emia (urine condition) = too much bilirubin in the urine

Correct Answer

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Which medical term means "surgical fixation of the liver"?


A) Hepatectomy
B) Hepaticotomy
C) Hepatomalacia
D) Hepatopexy
E) Hepatoptosis

Correct Answer

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Which medical term means "downward displacement of the rectum and anus"?


A) Proctitis
B) Proctoplasty
C) Proctoptosis
D) Rectalgia
E) Rectopexy

Correct Answer

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Translate the medical term cholangioma as literally as possible.


A) chol (bile) + angi (duct) + oma (condition) = condition of the bile duct (the common bile duct)
B) chol (bile) + angi (duct) + oma (tumor) = tumor of the bile duct (the common bile duct)
C) chol (bile) + angi (vessel) + oma (tumor) = tumor of the bile vessels (ducts located in the liver)
D) chol (colon) + angi (vessel) + oma (condition) = condition of the vessels in the colon
E) chol (colon) + angi (vessel) + oma (tumor) = tumor of the vessels in the colon

Correct Answer

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Which medical term means "incision into the common bile duct"?


A) Choleangiostomy
B) Cholecystectomy
C) Choledochotomy
D) Cholelithotomy
E) Cholemesis

Correct Answer

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Which medical term means "pain in the intestines"?


A) Celiodynia
B) Cholecystalgia
C) Duodenitis
D) Enteritis
E) Enterodynia

Correct Answer

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Read the following excerpt from a health record: Admission labs: Elevated LFTs, hyperbilirubinemia, leukocytosis, elevated amylase and lipase. Discharge labs: Everything had returned to normal levels. Imaging: Ultrasound of the upper abdomen revealed cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis with bile duct dilation. Which of the following statements is NOT true, given the health record information?


A) The patient had an increased number of white blood cells upon admission.
B) The patient had an inguinal ultrasound.
C) The patient's admission labs showed excessive bilirubin in the blood.
D) The patient's liver function tests were elevated upon admission.
E) The ultrasound revealed the presence of gallstones.

Correct Answer

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Read the following excerpt from a health record: Plan Recommendation: We need to perform an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram. Given the less invasive nature, I recommended Ms. Mendel have an MR cholangiogram, which is scheduled for later this week. If the results confirm primary sclerosing cholangitis, we will begin medical treatment and then schedule a percutaneous hepatic biopsy. Which of the following statements is NOT true, given this health record information?


A) Both the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram and the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram will give the health care professionals a map of the bile vessels (ducts) and pancreas.
B) If the results confirm the patient's bile ducts are inflamed and hardening, the patient will have a liver biopsy.
C) The author of this health record recommends an ERCP.
D) The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram involves using an endoscope, an instrument to look inside.
E) The patient has been scheduled to have a test that will take a record of the bile vessels (ducts) .

Correct Answer

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Which of the following statements is NOT true about the medical term cirrhosis?


A) It comes from the Greek word cirrho, for yellow.
B) It describes a liver disease named for the change of color in the liver.
C) It is a diagnosis of a supporting organ in the gastrointestinal system.
D) All of these are true
E) None of these are true

Correct Answer

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Which of the following statements is true about the abbreviation NPO?


A) It stands for nasogastric tube and refers to the tube inserted through the nose into the stomach.
B) It stands for nihil per os and means "nothing by mouth."
C) It stands for noninvasive peritoneoscopy and refers to a method of looking at the peritoneum without surgery.
D) It stands for nothing passes orally and means a patient cannot have food or drink.

Correct Answer

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Translate the medical term aphagia as literally as possible.


A) "Bad eat condition"; poor eating habits
B) "Good eat condition"; normal eating habits
C) "No eat condition"; inability to eat
D) "Over eat condition"; excessive food intake
E) "Under eat condition"; insufficient food intake

Correct Answer

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Translate the root proct/o.


A) Anus
B) Anus and rectum
C) Rectum
D) Sphincter
E) The final portion of the colon

Correct Answer

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Which part of the body is NOT part of the UGI tract?


A) Esophagus
B) Intestines
C) Mouth
D) Stomach
E) Tongue

Correct Answer

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Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term sialorrhea?


A) sialo (saliva) + rrhea (deficiency) = insufficient salivation (dry mouth)
B) sialo (saliva) + rrhea (excessive discharge) = excessive salivation
C) sialo (small intestine) + rrhea (deficiency) = deficiency in the small intestine
D) sialo (small intestine) + rrhea (excessive discharge) = excessive discharge from the small intestine

Correct Answer

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