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Exam 6: Methodological Control in Experimental Research

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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When deciding to use matching, which of the following is unimportant as a factor contributing to the decision?

A) sample size
B) whether an extraneous variable is known to correlate with the dependent variable
C) whether it is possible to measure participants on the potential matching variable
D) all of the above are important

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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Blocked random assignment is sometimes used in order to

A) match participants on some potentially confounding factor
B) insure an equal number of participants per condition
C) insure that a random sample is selected
D) accomplish complete counterbalancing

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B

Question 3

Multiple Choice

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In a memory study, each subject learns six lists of words. A researcher decides to use a Latin square to determine the order in which lists will be shown. Which of the following is true?

As a technique for creating equivalent groups, when is matching preferred over random assignment?

If participants only experience each of the study's conditions one time, then all of the following counterbalancing techniques can be used except

If subjects are tested once in each condition,

In a study with three conditions in which participants are tested in each condition more than once, reverse counterbalancing would produce which of the following sequences?

What do random assignment and matching have in common?

Which of the following is not an important factor in determining whether to use matching as a technique for creating equivalent groups?

In a taste test comparing popcorn brands A, B, C and D, the experimenter decides to use complete counterbalancing. Assuming that one subject will be tested in each of the sequences used, how many people will be needed to complete the study?

Over a series of trials, participants experiencing one order of conditions might have an advantage over participants experiencing another order. These effects are called

Compared to a longitudinal study, a cross-sectional study

A between-subjects design

In a study by Sigall and Ostrove (1975) , participants recommended jail sentences for "Barbara Helm." The study is a good example of

The performance of participants in a within-subjects design sometimes deteriorates because of fatigue or boredom. This problem is known as

Longitudinal design is to cross-sectional design as ______ is to _______.

Terman's studies of gifted children have been criticized because

Demand characteristics, and therefore subject bias, can be reduced by using

In a taste test comparing popcorn brands A, B, C, and D, the experimenter decides to use a Latin square for counterbalancing. Assuming that ten participants will be tested in each of the sequences used, how many people will be needed to complete the study?

In a taste test comparing popcorn brands A, B, and C, participants only try each brand once, and an equal number of subjects experience each of the six possible sequences. Which type of counterbalancing is being used?