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Exam 18: Global Climate Change

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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Earth's climate _______________.

A) has been stable over the history of the planet
B) is changing as a result of natural and human processes
C) will stabilize over the next century, according to the predictions of most scientists
D) history is undeterminable because there is no method of studying the climatic history of the planet
E) has been documented to have changed once due to the evolution of green photosynthesizing plants

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Question 22

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Recent research indicates that the variation in solar output _______________

A) is less than any of the anthropogenic factors affecting climate change
B) is the major factor driving temperature change
C) is greater than all the anthropogenic factors affecting climate change
D) will increase by a hundredfold over then next century
E) has a radiative force of 20 watts/m²

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Question 23

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Read the following scenario and answer the question below. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported that physical, biological, and economic evidence exists confirming global climate change due to human-produced greenhouse gases. Although the United States emits most of Earth's carbon dioxide, its policies do not reflect concern over its environmental effects. The United States failed to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement signed by other developed nations to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Requested voluntary reductions of carbon dioxide emissions have not been effective in reducing greenhouse gases. Revisions to the 1970 Clean Air Act, called the "Clear Skies Initiative," were proposed to limit mercury, nitric oxides, and sulfur oxide emissions from power plants. Nicknamed by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., as the "Clear Lies Initiative," this proposal did not specifically address emission of carbon dioxide, and its loopholes excluded older power plants from having to modernize, seemingly supporting pollutive industries with political influence. Environmentalists are arguing for immediate action, including stricter laws to limit power plant carbon dioxide emissions and subsidies for renewable energy. They favor "portfolio standards," requiring electric companies to provide clean energy alternatives to consumers and "green tags," "wind certificates," and "green pricing" to support the use of alternative fuels. -Of the following greenhouse gases, which one has experienced the greatest percentage increase since 1750?

Stratospheric greenhouse gas that absorbs the sun's incoming short-wave radiation

Describe how freshwater ecosystems face challenges of global climate change. Give an example from the text.

Keeling's reports from Mauna Loa demonstrated ____________

How certain are scientists that humans are causing global climate change? Describe the language used by scientists and some of the particular climate trends they have identified as changing. If the scientific community is convinced of the evidence, why is there still debate?

Predominant greenhouse gas produced by burning fossil fuels

Why is the concept of radiative forcing critical to understanding the causes of global climate change?

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is an international panel that _______________.

Briefly explain why water vapor may either contribute to or slow global warming.

The Earth's atmosphere can cause global warming because _____________.

Tuvalu and the Maldives are in the international spotlight because they ____________

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. -The greenhouse effect involves warming of Earth's surface and the _______________.

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. -Impacts of global warming include all of the following except _______________.

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. -The largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the United States is , followed by ___________

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported that physical, biological, and economic evidence exists confirming global climate change due to human-produced greenhouse gases. Although the United States emits most of Earth's carbon dioxide, its policies do not reflect concern over its environmental effects. The United States failed to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement signed by other developed nations to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Requested voluntary reductions of carbon dioxide emissions have not been effective in reducing greenhouse gases. Revisions to the 1970 Clean Air Act, called the "Clear Skies Initiative," were proposed to limit mercury, nitric oxides, and sulfur oxide emissions from power plants. Nicknamed by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., as the "Clear Lies Initiative," this proposal did not specifically address emission of carbon dioxide, and its loopholes excluded older power plants from having to modernize, seemingly supporting pollutive industries with political influence. Environmentalists are arguing for immediate action, including stricter laws to limit power plant carbon dioxide emissions and subsidies for renewable energy. They favor "portfolio standards," requiring electric companies to provide clean energy alternatives to consumers and "green tags," "wind certificates," and "green pricing" to support the use of alternative fuels. -Why do environmentalists and scientists advocate immediate action, including stricter laws to limit power plant carbon dioxide emissions and subsidies for renewable energy?

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. -Milankovitch cycles _______________

By- product of feedlots, chemical manufacturing, and fertilizer use

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. -One factor contributing to U.S. resistance to legal intervention regarding global climate change is _______________.