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Explain why Piaget believed peer relationships prompt development in moral reasoning more so than parent-child relationships. Give an example to illustrate this perspective.

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Parent-child relationships involve a pow...

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By age four to five, most children have developed a theory of mind and the cognitive sophistication to start describing _____ in others.


A) physical traits.
B) psychological traits.
C) genetic traits.
D) genotypes.

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Define self-conscious emotions and provide two examples. What are the two criteria necessary for children to experience self-conscious emotions? Self-conscious emotions are those that include the quality of an evaluation or judgment of self. Examples include pride, shame, embarrassment, and guilt. In order for children to experience self-conscious emotions, they must (1) be able to refer to themselves and (2) be aware of themselves as distinct from others.

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Self-conscious emotions are those that i...

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Harrison is often praised for his gender-typical behavior. His parents make statements like, "You are such a big boy when you climb the jungle gym by yourself!" Gender researchers would use this as support for what theory of gender development?


A) Psychoanalytic theory
B) Social cognitive theory
C) Evolutionary psychology
D) Social role theory

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In terms of co-parenting, _____ couples were most likely to share child-care responsibilities.


A) heterosexual
B) gay
C) lesbian
D) biracial

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Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson considered play to be valuable because:


A) it helps the child release tensions and better cope with anxieties and conflicts.
B) it advances the child's cognitive development.
C) it helps children develop exploratory behaviors.
D) it allows children to develop better language and communication skills.

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A number of researchers have shown that a(n) _____, which includes diminished parenting skills, occurs in the year following the divorce, but by two years after the divorce has stabilized.


A) discontinuity
B) internalization
C) equilibrium
D) disequilibrium

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A kind of play that involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports.

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The overwhelming majority of children from gay or lesbian families:


A) are also homosexual.
B) have a heterosexual orientation.
C) are likely to be bisexual.
D) grow up confused about their sexual orientation.

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The term _____ includes physical abuse, child neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse.


A) parenting malpractice.
B) child maltreatment.
C) child battery.
D) child malpractice.

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Nine-year-old Tadako's uncle has been taking pictures of her naked and selling them on the Internet. This constitutes:


A) verbal abuse.
B) sexual abuse.
C) child neglect.
D) physical abuse.

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Which parenting style could lead to social incompetence, truancy, and delinquency in children?


A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Indulgent
D) Neglectful

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_____ development involves the development of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people.


A) Emotional
B) Superego
C) Moral
D) Pragmatic

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Unintentional beating or shaking a child constitutes:


A) parental maltreatment.
B) harassment but not abuse.
C) poor parenting but not abuse.
D) physical abuse.

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Infants have the capacity for _____, but they lack the ability to discern another's inner psychological state, known as _____.


A) perspective taking; empathetic responses
B) empathetic responses; perspective taking
C) perspective taking; emotional regulation
D) emotional regulation; perspective taking

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Suzie, age three, has to eat everything on her plate at dinner or her father punishes her by sending her to bed immediately. Suzie also has strict schedules for playing, television, and studying, and any disobedience leads to spanking and punishments. Suzie's father is most likely a(n) :


A) authoritarian parent.
B) authoritative parent.
C) indulgent parent.
D) neglectful parent.

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Describe two concepts, based on research findings, to argue against the Piagetian position that young children are egocentric and not socially sensitive.

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Examples would be theory of mi...

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Which of the following countries has the highest percentage of single-parent families?


A) Canada
B) United States
C) Germany
D) Sweden

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This theorist suggested that children internalize their parents' standards of right and wrong in order to reduce anxiety and avoid punishment.

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This theory states that children's gender development occurs through observing and imitating what other people say and do, and through being rewarded and punished for gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior.

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Social cog...

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