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Exam 21: Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

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Question 21

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How many gene pairs are involved in generating a typical 1:4:6:4:1 ratio?

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Question 22

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Polygenes are involved in determining continuously varying or multiple -factor traits.

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Question 23

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Environmental factors typically influence inheritance of

If the proportion of F2 individuals resembling either of the two most extreme parental phenotypes can be determined, which formula can be applied to determine the number of gene pairs involved?

Which two relatively recent extensions to QTL mapping center on molecular definitions of phenotypes with quantitative traits?

Provide a formal equation for h2 (narrow -sense heritability).

Define the term broad -sense heritability (H2). What is implied by a relatively high value of H2? Express aspects of broad -sense heritability in equation form.

List at least three statistical values often used to represent a sample.

In the early part of the twentieth century, Nilsson -Ehle and others described experiments showing that multiple loci may be involved in the inheritance of certain traits. Such patterns are often called _.

Assume that four polygenic gene pairs are involved in determining phenotypes of F2. How many phenotypic classes are expected?

What are the name and formula for describing sample variability?

Assume that in the F2 of a series of crosses, 1/64 of the offspring resemble one of the parents (P). How many gene pairs are involved in producing these results?

Name two human traits that would be expected to have high concordance.

Some traits are polygenic but do not show typical continuous distributions. For example, type II diabetes is determined by a number of genes, but one is either diagnosed as diabetic or not diabetic based on blood sugar levels. How might one explain such a phenomenon?

What is the name of the process of selecting a specific group of organisms from an initially heterogeneous population for future breeding purposes?

Concordance refers to the frequency with which members of a twin pair express a different trait.

Quantitative inheritance involves the interaction of a number of gene loci. The pattern of Genetic transmission typical of quantitative inheritance is

Interpret the meaning of an H2 (broad -sense heritability) value that approaches 1.0.

Traits such as height, general body structure, skin color, and some behavioral traits are probably caused primarily by genes that behave codominantly or epistatically.

Name the three components of phenotypic variance.