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Exam 18: Many Hands Make Diminished Responsibility

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Question 41

Multiple Choice

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Dean overestimates the proportion of family chores for which he takes sole responsibility because it's easier for him to recall what he has done than to recall what other family members have done. This best illustrates the impact of

A) overconfidence.
B) the representativeness heuristic.
C) confirmation bias.
D) the availability heuristic.

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Question 42

Multiple Choice

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The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to

A) judge the likelihood of category membership by how closely an object or event resembles a particular prototype.
B) judge the likelihood of an event in terms of how readily instances of its occurrence are remembered.
C) search for information that is consistent with our preconceptions.
D) cling to our initial conceptions,even though they have been discredited.

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Question 43

Multiple Choice

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By dividing broad concepts into increasingly smaller and detailed subgroupings,we create

Andre first became suspicious of his roommate's honesty when he could not find his wallet. Although Andre later recalled that he had left his wallet in the glove compartment of his own car,his newly formed doubt about his roommate's honesty remained as strong as ever. Andre's irrational suspicion of his roommate best illustrates

Complete the following analogy: Rose is to flower as

You are the commissioner of a state lottery system that sponsors daily and weekly drawings. Lottery tickets have not been selling well over the past few months. Describe four ways you could take advantage of people's use of the availability heuristic to boost sales. Explain why you would judge your tactics to be fair or unfair to your customers.

If a stranger looks like someone who previously harmed or threatened us in some way,we may-without consciously recalling the earlier experience-react warily. This illustrates that our reactions to others may be influenced by

Kevin did not know whether the locker room was located down the short hallway to his right or down the long hallway to his left. Crossing his fingers,he decided to try the short hallway. His problem-strategy best illustrates

A $100 coat marked down from $150 can seem like a better deal than the same coat priced regularly at $100. This best illustrates the importance of

Research participants were asked to identify a word that could be associated meaningfully with each of three other words. Solutions that occurred with sudden insight were accompanied by a burst of activity in the brain's ________ lobe.

A mental set is most likely to inhibit

Airline reservations typically decline after a highly publicized airplane crash because people overestimate the incidence of such disasters. In such instances,their decisions are being influenced by

By encouraging people to imagine their homes being destroyed by winds from a hurricane,insurance salespeople are especially successful at selling large homeowners' policies. They are most clearly exploiting the influence of

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of

Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls,Mrs. Zumpano,a second-grade teacher,watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Zumpano's surveillance strategy best illustrates

Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit

A dessert recipe that gives you the ingredients,their amounts,and the steps to follow is an example of a(n)

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called

People are less upset when they miss getting an early payment discount than when they are asked to bear a late payment surcharge. This best illustrates the importance of

Although intuition can at times hinder rationality,it is often valuable because it facilitates