Question 1

A 58-year-old woman complains of loss of urine when coughing and sneezing,and during exercise.She has had three children.Describe the possible causes of urinary incontinence in this patient.

Accepted Answer

Stress incontinence is found most common...

Question 2

Which of the following is the best explanation for why the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) contain so many mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells of the PCT go through a great deal of mitosis.
B)  A great deal of active transport takes place in the PCT.
C)  Contraction of the PCT moves filtrate through the tubule.
D)  This provides the energy needed to fight kidney infection.

Question 3

What are aquaporins?

Accepted Answer

Aquaporins are transmembrane p...

Question 4

Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  a fenestrated capillary
B)  a podocyte
C)  an efferent arteriole
D)  a vasa recta

Question 7

In the absence of hormones,the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The function of angiotensin II is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the production of aldosterone
B)  decrease water absorption
C)  constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure
D)  decrease arterial blood pressure

Question 9

The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Bulk flow of nutrients,ions and water into the peritubular capillaries is the result of all of the following except one.Select the answer below that does not describe a cause of bulk flow of fluids into the peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher osmotic pressure in the peritubular capillary
B)  increased resistance to blood flow at the efferent arteriole
C)  leaky tight junctions of peritubular capillary's endothelium
D)  lower hydrostatic pressure in the peritubular capillary

Question 11

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml,the amino acid will ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  appear in the urine
B)  be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells
C)  be actively secreted into the filtrate
D)  be completely reabsorbed by secondary active transport

Question 12

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron
B)  glomerular capsule
C)  nephron loop
D)  capsular space

Question 13

What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Capsular osmotic pressure would compensate so that filtration would not change.
B)  Net filtration would decrease.
C)  Net filtration would increase above normal.
D)  Filtration would increase in proportion to the increase in capsular pressure.

Question 14

An older man sees his doctor for severe pain in his lower abdominal or flank area,elevated temperature,and nausea.Exhaustive tests rule out abdominal obstructions and infections.Plain X-rays indicate a radiopaque (whitish)spot in the area of his right ureter.Diagnose his problem.Give suggested treatment and prognosis.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms indicate a kidney stone tha...

Question 15

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  when the pH of the urine decreases
B)  when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10
C)  when the peritubular capillaries are dilated
D)  by a decrease in the blood pressure

Question 16

Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop?

Accepted Answer

A)  form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine
B)  absorb electrolytes actively and water by osmosis in the same segments
C)  absorb water and electrolytes into the tubular network
D)  form a large volume of very concentrated urine or a small volume of very dilute urine

Question 17

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  K+
B)  Na+
C)  creatinine
D)  glucose

Question 18

If the diameter of the afferent arterioles leading to the glomerulus decreases (vasoconstriction) which of the following is not likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerular filtration rate will decrease.
B)  Urine output will decrease.
C)  Systemic blood pressure will decrease.
D)  Net filtration pressure will decrease.

Question 19

Cells and transport proteins are physically prevented from passing through the filtration membrane.This has the following effect on filtration.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased osmotic pressure in the filtrate that increases the amount of filtration
B)  increasing osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries that reduces the amount of filtration
C)  neutral change in osmotic pressure with no effect on filtration
D)  increased osmotic pressure in the filtrate the draws plasma through the membrane

Question 20

Which of the following is not true regarding tubular reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves hormonal signals in the collecting ducts.
B)  It is a purely passive transport process.
C)  It is a reclamation process.
D)  It occurs via transcellular or paracellular routes.

Exam 25: The Urinary System

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?

Correct Answer
verified

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

If the diameter of the afferent arterioles leading to the glomerulus decreases (vasoconstriction) which of the following is not likely to occur?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The symptoms indicate a kidney stone tha...
View Answer

The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch.

Correct Answer
verified

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Cells and transport proteins are physically prevented from passing through the filtration membrane.This has the following effect on filtration.

Correct Answer
verified

In the absence of hormones,the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.

Correct Answer
verified

A 58-year-old woman complains of loss of urine when coughing and sneezing,and during exercise.She has had three children.Describe the possible causes of urinary incontinence in this patient.

Correct Answer
verified
Stress incontinence is found most common...
View Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not true regarding tubular reabsorption?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is the best explanation for why the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) contain so many mitochondria?

Correct Answer
verified

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml,the amino acid will ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

Correct Answer
verified

What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal?

Correct Answer
verified

The function of angiotensin II is to ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Bulk flow of nutrients,ions and water into the peritubular capillaries is the result of all of the following except one.Select the answer below that does not describe a cause of bulk flow of fluids into the peritubular capillaries.

Correct Answer
verified

The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop?

Correct Answer
verified

What are aquaporins?

Correct Answer
verified
Aquaporins are transmembrane p...
View Answer

Exam 25: The Urinary System

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the diameter of the afferent arterioles leading to the glomerulus decreases (vasoconstriction) which of the following is not likely to occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedThe symptoms indicate a kidney stone tha...View AnswerShow Answer

The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells and transport proteins are physically prevented from passing through the filtration membrane.This has the following effect on filtration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the absence of hormones,the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A 58-year-old woman complains of loss of urine when coughing and sneezing,and during exercise.She has had three children.Describe the possible causes of urinary incontinence in this patient.

Correct AnswerverifiedStress incontinence is found most common...View AnswerShow Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true regarding tubular reabsorption?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the best explanation for why the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) contain so many mitochondria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml,the amino acid will ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The function of angiotensin II is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bulk flow of nutrients,ions and water into the peritubular capillaries is the result of all of the following except one.Select the answer below that does not describe a cause of bulk flow of fluids into the peritubular capillaries.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are aquaporins?

Correct AnswerverifiedAquaporins are transmembrane p...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The symptoms indicate a kidney stone tha...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Stress incontinence is found most common...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Aquaporins are transmembrane p...
View Answer