Question 1

Research has demonstrated that tolerance of injected drugs is sometimes due to

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction.
B)  classical conditioning.
C)  spontaneous recovery.
D)  a breakdown in the body's antidrug defenses.

Question 2

Which of the following would a behaviorist be least likely to study?

Accepted Answer

A)  rats in a maze
B)  human thought processes
C)  schedules of reinforcement
D)  classical conditioning

Question 3

What is an unconditioned reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  a process of pairing a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
B)  a process of following a conditioned response with an unconditioned response
C)  an inborn,automatic connection between a stimulus and a response
D)  a learned connection between a stimulus and a response

Question 4

An early approach to behaviorism that attempted to explain behavior in terms of how each stimulus triggers a response was known as

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus-response psychology.
B)  reflexology.
C)  structuralism.
D)  physiology.

Question 5

In operant conditioning,there are a number of types of rein forcers and punishment that can be used to either increase or decrease behavior.Alexander's mother is trying to change his behavior in terms of teaching him to be more responsible for his fish.Alexander likes to spend all of his time playing video games,but his mother is trying to reduce the number of hours he spends playing video games and increase the number of times that he cleans his fishbowl.Currently,he is given a timeout everyday when he does not clean his fishbowl.Give an example of how his mother could attempt to change Alexander's behavior using;negative reinforcement,positive reinforcement,negative punishment,and punishment.

Accepted Answer

Using negative reinforcement,she could r...

Question 6

What do positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement have in common with each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both depend on the presentation of a desirable stimulus.
B)  They both depend on the presentation of an undesirable stimulus.
C)  They both weaken a behavior.
D)  They both strengthen a behavior.

Question 7

According to the social learning perspective,how can the government increase the self-efficacy of children from a wide variety of backgrounds to aspire to professional careers?

Accepted Answer

A)  create ad campaigns showing juveniles in detention for breaking laws
B)  place adults from a wide variety of backgrounds in high-visibility positions of leadership,so that they can serve as role models
C)  create an educational campaign that explains to kids the benefits of staying in school and working hard
D)  distribute copies of employment statistics that include projections for job growth for the next 20 years

Question 8

Tolerance to morphine and similar drugs depends partly on classical conditioning.According to this analysis,tolerance depends on rapidly mobilizing the body's defenses against the drug.That mobilization is the

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus.
B)  conditioned response.
C)  conditioned stimulus.
D)  reinforcement.

Question 9

Suppose your alarm made a slight clicking sound just before the alarm goes off.Even though you didn't wake up to the clicking sound initially,now you do,due to classical conditioning.In this example,the clicking is a/an

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus.
B)  unconditioned response.
C)  conditioned stimulus.
D)  conditioned response.

Question 10

In an experiment on classical conditioning,an experimenter pairs a tone with a puff of air to the eyes and establishes a conditioned response.If the experimenter now repeatedly presents the tone alone,followed by no airpuff,the probable outcome is

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition.
B)  extinction.
C)  generalization.
D)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 11

A dog has been trained to salivate whenever it sees a large white square.Now it is shown a large gray square and it salivates,though not quite as much as when it sees the white square.The dog is displaying

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition.
B)  spontaneous recovery.
C)  stimulus generalization.
D)  conditioned taste aversion.

Question 12

In operant conditioning,a continuous reinforcement schedule is one in which

Accepted Answer

A)  every correct response is reinforced.
B)  every response,whether correct or incorrect,is reinforced.
C)  reinforcement is continuously available,regardless of whether or not the organism makes a response.
D)  animals are continuously force-fed through a tube.

Question 13

During the Korean War,captured U.S.soldiers were persuaded to cooperate with their captors one small step at a time,with reinforcements for each step.This procedure resembles which principle of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-interval schedules
B)  fixed-ratio schedules
C)  conditioned reinforcement
D)  shaping

Question 14

When an individual develops tolerance to the effects of a drug injection,what is the conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  the injection procedure
B)  the entry of the drug into the brain
C)  the body's defenses against the drug
D)  the increased effect of the drug

Question 15

According to the social-learning approach,a large percentage of what people do is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  imitation.
B)  classical conditioning.
C)  schedules of reinforcement.
D)  the law of effect.

Question 16

A group of people has learned to blink their eyes whenever they see a flashing blue light,because for the last hour that flashing blue light has always been followed by a puff of air to their eyes.If we want to test for the possibility of stimulus generalization,what procedure should we follow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Present the flashing blue light without the puff of air.
B)  Present the puff of air without the flashing blue light.
C)  Present a flashing green light.
D)  Produce extinction,then wait and test response to the flashing blue light.

Question 17

Which of the following is an intervening variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  food deprivation
B)  hunger
C)  increased intake of carbohydrates
D)  prolonged exercise

Question 18

The cats in Thorndike's experiments improved their ability to escape his puzzle boxes gradually,not suddenly.What conclusion did he draw from this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning is based on strengthening responses,not on insights.
B)  Some animal species are more intelligent than others.
C)  Behaviorist assumptions do not apply to operant conditioning.
D)  Learning depends on a combination of classical conditioning and operant conditioning.

Question 19

Who discovered classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skinner
B)  Ebbinghaus
C)  Pavlov
D)  Thorndike

Question 20

According to Thorndike,____________________ is an event that increases the probability of the preceding response.
reinforcement

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Thorndike,____________________ is an event that...

Exam 6: Learning

Who discovered classical conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

In an experiment on classical conditioning,an experimenter pairs a tone with a puff of air to the eyes and establishes a conditioned response.If the experimenter now repeatedly presents the tone alone,followed by no airpuff,the probable outcome is

Correct Answer
verified

A group of people has learned to blink their eyes whenever they see a flashing blue light,because for the last hour that flashing blue light has always been followed by a puff of air to their eyes.If we want to test for the possibility of stimulus generalization,what procedure should we follow?

Correct Answer
verified

During the Korean War,captured U.S.soldiers were persuaded to cooperate with their captors one small step at a time,with reinforcements for each step.This procedure resembles which principle of operant conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an intervening variable?

Correct Answer
verified

The cats in Thorndike's experiments improved their ability to escape his puzzle boxes gradually,not suddenly.What conclusion did he draw from this observation?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the social learning perspective,how can the government increase the self-efficacy of children from a wide variety of backgrounds to aspire to professional careers?

Correct Answer
verified

Tolerance to morphine and similar drugs depends partly on classical conditioning.According to this analysis,tolerance depends on rapidly mobilizing the body's defenses against the drug.That mobilization is the

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose your alarm made a slight clicking sound just before the alarm goes off.Even though you didn't wake up to the clicking sound initially,now you do,due to classical conditioning.In this example,the clicking is a/an

Correct Answer
verified

An early approach to behaviorism that attempted to explain behavior in terms of how each stimulus triggers a response was known as

Correct Answer
verified

In operant conditioning,a continuous reinforcement schedule is one in which

Correct Answer
verified

When an individual develops tolerance to the effects of a drug injection,what is the conditioned response?

Correct Answer
verified

What is an unconditioned reflex?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the social-learning approach,a large percentage of what people do is based on

Correct Answer
verified

Research has demonstrated that tolerance of injected drugs is sometimes due to

Correct Answer
verified

A dog has been trained to salivate whenever it sees a large white square.Now it is shown a large gray square and it salivates,though not quite as much as when it sees the white square.The dog is displaying

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Using negative reinforcement,she could r...
View Answer

Which of the following would a behaviorist be least likely to study?

Correct Answer
verified

According to Thorndike,____________________ is an event that increases the probability of the preceding response. reinforcement

Correct Answer
verified

What do positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement have in common with each other?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Learning

Who discovered classical conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment on classical conditioning,an experimenter pairs a tone with a puff of air to the eyes and establishes a conditioned response.If the experimenter now repeatedly presents the tone alone,followed by no airpuff,the probable outcome is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A group of people has learned to blink their eyes whenever they see a flashing blue light,because for the last hour that flashing blue light has always been followed by a puff of air to their eyes.If we want to test for the possibility of stimulus generalization,what procedure should we follow?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the Korean War,captured U.S.soldiers were persuaded to cooperate with their captors one small step at a time,with reinforcements for each step.This procedure resembles which principle of operant conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an intervening variable?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cats in Thorndike's experiments improved their ability to escape his puzzle boxes gradually,not suddenly.What conclusion did he draw from this observation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the social learning perspective,how can the government increase the self-efficacy of children from a wide variety of backgrounds to aspire to professional careers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tolerance to morphine and similar drugs depends partly on classical conditioning.According to this analysis,tolerance depends on rapidly mobilizing the body's defenses against the drug.That mobilization is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose your alarm made a slight clicking sound just before the alarm goes off.Even though you didn't wake up to the clicking sound initially,now you do,due to classical conditioning.In this example,the clicking is a/an

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An early approach to behaviorism that attempted to explain behavior in terms of how each stimulus triggers a response was known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In operant conditioning,a continuous reinforcement schedule is one in which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When an individual develops tolerance to the effects of a drug injection,what is the conditioned response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is an unconditioned reflex?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the social-learning approach,a large percentage of what people do is based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research has demonstrated that tolerance of injected drugs is sometimes due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A dog has been trained to salivate whenever it sees a large white square.Now it is shown a large gray square and it salivates,though not quite as much as when it sees the white square.The dog is displaying

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedUsing negative reinforcement,she could r...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following would a behaviorist be least likely to study?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Thorndike,____________________ is an event that increases the probability of the preceding response. reinforcement

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement have in common with each other?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
Using negative reinforcement,she could r...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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