Question 1

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
 
-Based on electron configuration, which of the elements in the figure would exhibit a chemical behavior most like that of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)   carbon
B)   nitrogen
C)   sulfur
D)   phosphorus

Question 2

Refer to the following figure (first three rows of the periodic table)  to answer the questions below.
 
-What element does not prefer to react with other elements?

Accepted Answer

A)   hydrogen
B)   helium
C)   beryllium
D)   both hydrogen and beryllium

Question 3

Which of the following is the best description of an atom's physical structure?

Accepted Answer

A)   An atom is a solid mass of material.
B)   The particles that form an atom are equidistant from each other.
C)   Atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated at the center of the bubble.
D)   Atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated on the outside surface of the bubble.

Question 4

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
 
-What causes the shape of the molecule shown?

Accepted Answer

A)   the shape of the two p orbitals in the carbon atom
B)   the shape of the one s orbital in the carbon atom
C)   the shape of the sp³ hybrid orbitals of the electrons shared between the carbon and hydrogen atoms
D)   hydrogen bonding configurations between the carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 5

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
 
-What results from the chemical reaction in the illustration? The reactants have no charge.

Accepted Answer

A)   a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of +1
B)   a cation with a net charge of -1 and an anion with a net charge of -1
C)   a cation with a net charge of -1 and an anion with a net charge of +1
D)   a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of -1

Question 6

The atomic number of chlorine is 17. The atomic number of magnesium is 12. What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

Accepted Answer

A)   MgCl
B)   MgCl₂
C)   Mg₂Cl
D)   MgCl₃

Question 7

What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)   Covalent bonds involve the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of single electrons between atoms.
B)   Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between charged atoms.
C)   Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of protons between charged atoms.
D)   Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between charged atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 8

Nitrogen (N)  normally forms three covalent bonds with a valence of five. However, ammonium has four covalent bonds, each to a different hydrogen (H)  atom (H has a valence of one) . What do you predict to be the charge on ammonium?

Accepted Answer

A)   +1
B)   -1
C)   +2
D)   -2

Question 9

Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form an anion with a charge of -1?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)

Question 10

Which of the following statements correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)   The concentrations of products and reactants are equal.
B)   The reaction is now irreversible.
C)   Both forward and reverse reactions have halted.
D)   The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

Question 11

In the term trace element, the adjective trace means that

Accepted Answer

A)   the element is required in very small amounts.
B)   the element can be used as a label to trace atoms through an organism's metabolism.
C)   the element is very rare on Earth.
D)   the element enhances health but is not essential for the organism's long-term survival.

Question 12

How many electron pairs are shared between carbon atoms in a molecule that has the formula C₂H₄?

Accepted Answer

A)   one
B)   two
C)   three
D)   four

Question 13

Refer to the following figure (first three rows of the periodic table)  to answer the questions below.
 
-Which pair of elements would likely have similar valency and thus similar chemical behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   nitrogen and phosphorus
B)   carbon and nitrogen
C)   sodium and chlorine
D)   hydrogen and helium

Question 14

A neutral atom has two, eight, eight electrons in its first, second, and third energy levels. This information ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   does not tell us about the atomic number of the element
B)   does not tell us about the chemical properties of the element
C)   does not tell us about the atomic mass of the element
D)   does not tell us about the size of the element

Question 15

Which of the following is broken when water evaporates?

Accepted Answer

A)   nonpolar covalent bonds
B)   ionic bonds
C)   hydrogen bonds
D)   polar covalent bonds

Question 16

The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Sulfur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulfide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulfur atom, predict the molecular formula of the compound.

Accepted Answer

A)   HS
B)   HS₂
C)   H₂S
D)   H₄S

Question 17

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
 
-An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What types of covalent bonds is it capable of forming?

Accepted Answer

A)   single, double, or triple
B)   single and double only
C)   single bonds only
D)   double bonds only

Question 18

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
 
-How many electrons are present in a Phosphorus 3+ atom?

Accepted Answer

A)   16
B)   12
C)   19
D)   34

Question 19

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
 
-If an atom has a charge of +1, which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

A)   It has two more protons than neutrons.
B)   It has the same number of protons as electrons.
C)   It has one more electron than it does protons.
D)   It has one more proton than it does electrons.

Question 20

A covalent chemical bond is one in which ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged
B)   protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms
C)   outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitals
D)   outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom

Exam 2: The Chemical Context of Life

How many electron pairs are shared between carbon atoms in a molecule that has the formula C₂H₄?

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Refer to the following figure (first three rows of the periodic table) to answer the questions below. -What element does not prefer to react with other elements?

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What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?

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Which of the following is broken when water evaporates?

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Which of the following is the best description of an atom's physical structure?

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The atomic number of chlorine is 17. The atomic number of magnesium is 12. What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

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Nitrogen (N) normally forms three covalent bonds with a valence of five. However, ammonium has four covalent bonds, each to a different hydrogen (H) atom (H has a valence of one) . What do you predict to be the charge on ammonium?

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The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Sulfur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulfide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulfur atom, predict the molecular formula of the compound.

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Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -If an atom has a charge of +1, which of the following must be true?

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Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -How many electrons are present in a Phosphorus 3+ atom?

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Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -What causes the shape of the molecule shown?

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Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What types of covalent bonds is it capable of forming?

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In the term trace element, the adjective trace means that

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Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form an anion with a charge of -1?

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A neutral atom has two, eight, eight electrons in its first, second, and third energy levels. This information ________.

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Which of the following statements correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?

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Refer to the following figure (first three rows of the periodic table) to answer the questions below. -Which pair of elements would likely have similar valency and thus similar chemical behavior?

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Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -Based on electron configuration, which of the elements in the figure would exhibit a chemical behavior most like that of oxygen?

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A covalent chemical bond is one in which ________.

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Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -What results from the chemical reaction in the illustration? The reactants have no charge.

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