Question 1

Which of the following processes correctly describes alternative RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a mechanism for increasing the rate of translation.
B)   It can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA.
C)   It can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAs.
D)   It increases the rate of transcription. B

Question 2

According to the central dogma, what is the intermediate molecule involved in the flow of information in a cell that should go in the blank?
DNA → ________ → Proteins

Accepted Answer

A)   mtDNA
B)   rRNA
C)   mRNA
D)   tRNA

Question 3

Which component is not directly involved in translation?

Accepted Answer

A)   GTP
B)   DNA
C)   tRNA
D)   ribosomes

Question 4

Which of the following molecules are required for the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

A)   mRNA, tRNA, DNA, and rRNA
B)   mRNA, DNA, and rRNA
C)   mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
D)   mRNA, tRNA, and DNA C

Question 5

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following molecules in addition to RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A)   anticodons
B)   ribosomes and tRNA
C)   several transcription factors
D)   aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 6

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until

Accepted Answer

A)   the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter.
B)   several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.
C)   the 5 caps are removed from the mRNA.
D)   the DNA introns are removed from the template.

Question 7

Use the following information to answer the question.
A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5′-CCG-ACG-3′ (mRNA) . The following charged transfer RNA molecules (with their anticodons shown in the 3′ to 5′ direction)  are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form.

Which of the following anticodons in the first tRNA to bind will complement this mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   3′-GGC-5′
B)   5′-GGC-3′
C)   5′-UGC-3′
D)   3′-UGC-5′ A

Question 8

Using Figure 17.6, identify a 5′ → 3′ sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template strand for an mRNA coding for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Pro-Lys.

Accepted Answer

A)   5-UUUCCCAAA-3
B)   5-GAACCCCTT-3
C)   5-CTTCGGGAA-3
D)   5-AAACCCUUU-3

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the TATA box in the promoters of eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is the recognition site for the binding of a specific transcription factor.
B)   It sets the reading frame of the mRNA during translation.
C)   It is the recognition site for ribosomal binding during translation.
D)   It is the recognition site for ribosomal binding during transcription.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is the most current description of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A)   a unit of heredity that causes formation of a phenotypic characteristic
B)   a DNA subunit that codes for a single complete protein
C)   a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product: either RNA or polypeptide
D)   a discrete unit of hereditary information that consists of a sequence of amino acids

Question 11

What is the function of the release factor during translation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)   It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA.
B)   It releases the amino acid from its tRNA to allow the amino acid to form a peptide bond.
C)   It supplies a source of energy for termination of translation.
D)   It releases the ribosome from the ER to allow polypeptides into the cytosol.

Question 12

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   binding of ribosomes to mRNA
B)   binding of the anticodon to small subunit of the ribosome
C)   attachment of amino acids to rRNAs
D)   binding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs

Question 13

The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. What is the result of this type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)   a base-pair substitution
B)   a frameshift mutation
C)   a polypeptide missing an amino acid
D)   a nonsense mutation

Question 14

Which of the following types of mutation, resulting in an error in the mRNA just after the AUG start of translation, is likely to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product?

Accepted Answer

A)   a deletion of a codon
B)   a deletion of two nucleotides
C)   a substitution of the third nucleotide in an ACC codon
D)   a substitution of the first nucleotide of a GGG codon

Question 15

Post-translational modifications of proteins may include which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)   removal of introns
B)   addition of a 5′ cap
C)   addition of a poly-A tail
D)   addition of carbohydrates to form a glycoprotein

Question 16

Use the figure to answer the question.

The figure represents tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine) . Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A)   5′-UGG-3′
B)   3′-GUG-5′
C)   5′-GUA-3′
D)   5′-UUC-3′

Question 17

Which of the following statements correctly describes the effect a nonsense mutation would have on a gene?

Accepted Answer

A)   It changes an amino acid in the encoded protein.
B)   It has no effect on the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein.
C)   It introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA.
D)   It alters the reading frame of the mRNA.

Question 18

Which of the following statements correctly describes a ribozyme?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a catalyst that uses RNA as a substrate.
B)   It is an RNA with catalytic activity.
C)   It is an enzyme that catalyzes the association between the large and small ribosomal subunits.
D)   It is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA as part of the transcription process.

Question 19

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is

Accepted Answer

A)   complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon.
B)   complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA.
C)   the part of tRNA that bonds to a specific amino acid.
D)   catalytic, making the tRNA a ribozyme.

Question 20

Codons are three-base sequences in mRNA that specify the addition of a single amino acid to the growing protein chain during translation. How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?

Accepted Answer

A)   Prokaryotic codons usually contain different bases than those of eukaryotes.
B)   Prokaryotic codons usually specify different amino acids than those of eukaryotes.
C)   The translation of codons is mediated by tRNAs in eukaryotes, but translation requires no intermediate molecules such as tRNAs in prokaryotes.
D)   Codons are a nearly universal language among all organisms.

Exam 17: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Which of the following processes correctly describes alternative RNA splicing?

Correct Answer
verified
B

According to the central dogma, what is the intermediate molecule involved in the flow of information in a cell that should go in the blank? DNA → ________ → Proteins

Correct Answer
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Which component is not directly involved in translation?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following molecules are required for the process of translation?

Correct Answer
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C

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following molecules in addition to RNA polymerase?

Correct Answer
verified

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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A

Using Figure 17.6, identify a 5′ → 3′ sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template strand for an mRNA coding for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Pro-Lys.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the TATA box in the promoters of eukaryotes?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is the most current description of a gene?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the function of the release factor during translation in eukaryotes?

Correct Answer
verified

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. What is the result of this type of mutation?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following types of mutation, resulting in an error in the mRNA just after the AUG start of translation, is likely to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product?

Correct Answer
verified

Post-translational modifications of proteins may include which of the following processes?

Correct Answer
verified

Use the figure to answer the question. The figure represents tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine) . Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements correctly describes the effect a nonsense mutation would have on a gene?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements correctly describes a ribozyme?

Correct Answer
verified

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is

Correct Answer
verified

Codons are three-base sequences in mRNA that specify the addition of a single amino acid to the growing protein chain during translation. How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 17: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Which of the following processes correctly describes alternative RNA splicing?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

According to the central dogma, what is the intermediate molecule involved in the flow of information in a cell that should go in the blank? DNA → ________ → Proteins

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which component is not directly involved in translation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following molecules are required for the process of translation?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following molecules in addition to RNA polymerase?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Using Figure 17.6, identify a 5′ → 3′ sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template strand for an mRNA coding for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Pro-Lys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the TATA box in the promoters of eukaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is the most current description of a gene?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of the release factor during translation in eukaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. What is the result of this type of mutation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following types of mutation, resulting in an error in the mRNA just after the AUG start of translation, is likely to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Post-translational modifications of proteins may include which of the following processes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the figure to answer the question. The figure represents tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine) . Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements correctly describes the effect a nonsense mutation would have on a gene?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements correctly describes a ribozyme?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Codons are three-base sequences in mRNA that specify the addition of a single amino acid to the growing protein chain during translation. How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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C

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A

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