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The desired outcome of direct observation and measurement is a subjective record of performance.

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In momentary time sampling the observer records behaviors if it occurs at any time during the interval.

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During an anecdotal observation, the observer records:


A) The absence or presence of a behavior during each interval.
B) Everything observed about the individual's behavior.
C) The behavior every time it occurs in a specific time period.
D) Records whether behavior occurred at a particular moment or not.

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B

Observer expectations refer to social, cultural, or religious values that affect a caregiver's perception of a child's behavior.

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Whole-interval recording allows the observer to monitor the duration of the behavior.

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A cumulative graph is the most common graph used to chart a child's performance over time.

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Target behaviors should be presented in positive terms.

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A graph that displays the data over time by adding each day to previous ones is called a:


A) Bar graph.
B) Line graph.
C) Cumulative graph.
D) Frequency graph.

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Which of the following is true of direct observation?


A) Makes a subjective record of behavior
B) Records behavioral patterns across natural settings and situations
C) Identifies variables associated with behavior
D) B and C

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Which of the following terms best completes this sentence: Behaviors that are precisely defined are stated in terms that are _________and _________.


A) Measurable/appropriate
B) Appropriate/subjective
C) Observable/measurable
D) Clear/frequent

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List the three data collection devices given in this chapter. Add one of your own, and include a short description of the behavior and setting of its use.

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The three data collection devices given ...

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The reliability of frequency counts is calculated by:


A) Dividing the lower frequency by the higher frequency.
B) The shorter duration observed is divided by the longer duration observed.
C) Agreements divided by total intervals multiplied by 100.
D) The number of intervals the target behavior was observed by one observer divided by the number of intervals recorded by a second observer.

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Match the following dimensions of behavior with their definitions.

Premises
Rate
Latency
Intensity
Duration
Frequency
Responses
The amount of delay before behavior is initiated after a direction is given
Force or strength of the behavior
Length of time the behavior lasts
Refers to a simple count of occurrence of a behavior
Number of occurrences divided by time

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Rate
Latency
Intensity
Duration
Frequency

Which of the following are elements of a behavioral objective?


A) Terminal behavior
B) Condition
C) Behavioral criteria
D) All of the above

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During a momentary time sample the observer records:


A) The absence or presence of a behavior during each interval.
B) Everything observed about the individual's behavior.
C) Counts the behavior every time it occurs in a specific time period.
D) Whether behavior occurred at a particular moment or not.

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C

An effective method of collecting behavioral data makes data collection easier to operate than if no tools were used.

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A target behavior is the behavior targeted for observation, measurement, and /or change.

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A factor or factors that may affect the accuracy of data collected during direct observations is/are:


A) Personal values.
B) Characteristics of the setting.
C) Reliability.
D) All of the above.

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Reliability measures greater than 70-80 percent are usually considered adequate.

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A partial-interval approach is preferred for behaviors that occur for an extended duration.

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False

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