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Friends influence children's development during the middle childhood years by


A) providing a child with information about the world, other people, and him/herself.
B) providing material resources, such as money or gifts.
C) providing the child with a source of emotional tension, which can help build stress management skills.
D) providing more security than relationships with parents and other family members.

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Intelligence tests most frequently used in schools are based on a common idea that intelligence is a single factor or unitary mental ability called


A) deviation IQ.
B) full scale IQ.
C) g factor.
D) intelligence quotient.

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In Canada, which of the following factors are most likely to account for variations in the height and weight of children?


A) inadequate nutrition
B) unique genetic inheritance
C) the use of multivitamins
D) a diet high in dairy products

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What is the term for the ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into account?


A) concrete operational
B) abstract operational
C) preoperational
D) decentring

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Briefly provide information regarding the success and adjustment of the children of immigrant families.

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Immigrant children are faring quite well...

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Approximately how many children and adolescents have a psychological disorder that produces some impairment?


A) 8%
B) 12%
C) 14%
D) 20%

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What percentage of school-age children demonstrates a speech/language impairment?


A) 1 to 3 percent
B) 3 to 5 percent
C) 5 to 7 percent
D) 7 to 9 percent

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Briefly explain the treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the controversies surrounding them.

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Many physicians routinely prescribe stim...

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Who is the psychologist that used a pragmatic, trial-and-error approach to psychological measurement that continues to serve as the predominant approach to test construction today?


A) Freud
B) Binet
C) Skinner
D) Watson

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Which of the following is the most likely reason why children's psychological disorders are neglected?


A) Parents and family members are embarrassed.
B) Most children do not exhibit symptoms entirely consistent with those of adults.
C) There are no treatments available for children with psychological problems.
D) Most children grow out of their symptoms.

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Which of the following is the most prevalent disorder that affects children with normal intelligence?


A) visual impairment
B) auditory impairment
C) attention-deficit disorders
D) learning disabilities

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What is the term for a substantial disruption in the rhythm and fluency of speech and is the most common speech impairment?


A) echolalia
B) auditory language processing delays
C) stuttering
D) dyspraxia

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If a person has a significantly below-average level of intellectual functioning that occurs with related limitations in two or more skill areas, this person is said to


A) need mainstreaming.
B) have an intellectual disability.
C) need psychoeducational evaluation.
D) need Special Education.

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____ percent of male same-sex couples have children, while ____ percent of female same-sex couples have children.


A) 3; 16
B) 6; 25
C) 16; 3
D) 25; 6

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Auditory impairment, which is a special need that involves the loss of hearing or some aspect of hearing, affects ________ percent of the school-age population.


A) 1–2
B) 2–4
C) 4–6
D) 6–8

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Seven-year-old Alice is working with clay in art class, and she rolls a round ball of clay between her hands until it becomes a long rope.However, she decides that she does not want the rope of clay, but would prefer that the clay is in the shape of a ball again.Alice knows that this is possible.Piaget would say that Alice is demonstrating the knowledge of


A) formation.
B) decentring.
C) reversibility.
D) conservation.

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According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, what stage reflects a person's use of moral principles, which are seen as broader than those of any particular society?


A) conventional morality
B) postconventional morality
C) moral reasoning
D) preconventional morality

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What are the major effects of poverty, chronic stress, and susceptibility to disease in children?


A) Poor academic performance, and mental health problems
B) There are no major effects regarding stress and susceptibility to disease
C) Children are prone to brain delays and adjustment problems
D) Poor self esteem, high resilience, improved health

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Adopted children tend to have weights that are more similar to their adoptive parents than their birth parents.

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The Canadian Paediatric Society suggests that boys and girls should engage in sports and games, and


A) boys should play with boys.
B) girls should play with girls.
C) boys and girls should have access to the same sporting opportunities.
D) boys and girls should engage in sports and games in mixed-gender groups despite the onset of puberty.

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