Question 1

A One-Way Analysis of Variance Calvin designed a between-subjects experiment with one independent variable with four levels.There are 15 subjects in each condition.There are ____ degrees of freedom for between-groups variability.

Accepted Answer

A)  1
B)  3
C)  11
D)  56

Question 2

Interpreting the Results Tad made no specific experimental predictions and performed a post hoc test after he found that his computed F was not significant.What mistake did he commit?

Accepted Answer

A)  He should have performed an a priori test instead of a post hoc test
B)  He should have performed either the F test or the post hoc test, but not both.
C)  He should have performed the post hoc test before the F test.
D)  He should have stopped after a nonsignificant F test.

Question 3

Interpreting the Results If your experiment had four treatment conditions, how many post hoc tests may you perform at the p < .05 level?

Accepted Answer

A)  3
B)  4
C)  5
D)  6

Question 4

Sources of Variability The shape of an F distribution depends on the

Accepted Answer

A)  critical value of F.
B)  degrees of freedom.
C)  effect size.
D)  level of significance.

Question 5

The t Test When calculating a t statistic for independent groups, the numerator is

Accepted Answer

A)  the difference between the treatment group means.
B)  the number of degrees of freedom.
C)  the squared deviations from each treatment mean.
D)  the variances of the groups divided by the number of subjects.

Question 6

Statistics for Two Group Experiments When you obtain ordinal data from two matched groups, you should use the

Accepted Answer

A)  chi square test.
B)  Mann-Whitney U test.
C)  t test for matched groups.
D)  Wilcoxon test.

Question 7

Interpreting the Results We should use post hoc tests instead of a priori tests when

Accepted Answer

A)  the computed F is not significant.
B)  we did not predict group differences.
C)  we need to perform fewer pairwise comparisons than the number of treatment groups.
D)  we want to reduce the risk of Type 2 error.

Question 8

A One-Way Analysis of Variance Andrew designed a between-subjects experiment with one independent variable with three levels.There are 20 subjects in each condition.There are ____ degrees of freedom for within-groups variability.

Accepted Answer

A)  1
B)  3
C)  17
D)  57

Question 9

The t Test Compared with a t test for independent groups, a t test for matched groups almost always

Accepted Answer

A)  has a lower chance of Type 2 error.
B)  has more degrees of freedom.
C)  is more powerful.
D)  has a lower chance of Type 2 error and is more powerful.

Question 10

The t Test The term extreme refers to a computed t statistic's

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha level.
B)  degrees of freedom.
C)  effect size.
D)  position relative to the critical value.

Question 11

Sources of Variability Theoretically, if an independent variable has no effect in an experiment, the F ratio should be

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 0.
B)  0.
C)  1.
D)  greater than 1.

Question 12

The t Test An inferential test like the t test is relatively robust.This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  assumptions can be violated without changing the rate of Type 1 and Type 2 errors.
B)  conclusions are valid when there are fewer than 20 subjects in each treatment group.
C)  the critical value of t is independent of the number of subjects sampled.
D)  the t test can produce valid results with ordinal data.

Question 13

Sources of Variability The single category called error produces variability in subject data

Accepted Answer

A)  between treatment groups.
B)  within treatment groups.
C)  both between and within treatment groups.
D)  only when there is confounding.

Question 14

A One-Way Analysis of Variance As the degrees of freedom increase, F critical ____ and statistical power

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; increases.
B)  increases; decreases.
C)  decreases; increases.
D)  decreases; decreases.

Question 15

The t Test We reject the null hypothesis when.

Accepted Answer

A)  the computed value of t equals the critical value of t.
B)  the computed value of t is less extreme than the critical value of t.
C)  the computed value of t is more extreme than the critical value of t.
D)  the computed value of t is equal to or more extreme than the critical value of t.

Question 16

A One-Way Analysis of Variance A summary table for a one-way analysis of variance shows 3 degrees of freedom between groups and 16 degrees of freedom within groups.How many treatment groups were there in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  3
B)  4
C)  5
D)  6

Question 17

Which Test Do I Use? The level of measurement is important because it

Accepted Answer

A)  determines the appropriate significance level for a statistical test.
B)  determines whether a statistical test should be one-tailed or two-tailed.
C)  determines whether the research hypothesis should be directional or nondirectional.
D)  determines which statistical test may be used.

Question 18

Interpreting the Results We can use an analysis of covariance to

Accepted Answer

A)  adjust treatment effects for any prior differences between treatment groups.
B)  refine estimates of error.
C)  statistically hold a moderating variable constant.
D)  all of these

Question 19

The t Test An effect size of .60 means that the independent variable in our experiment accounted for approximately ___ of the variance in the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  30%
B)  36%
C)  60%
D)  90%

Question 20

Analyzing Data from a Between-Subjects Factorial Experiment A main effect in a factorial experiment refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  change in the effect of one independent variable across levels of another.
B)  significant variability associated with a single independent variable in a factorial experiment.
C)  variability due to the combined action of two or more independent variables.
D)  variability in a factorial experiment not due to the individual actions of each independent variable.

Exam 14: Analyzing Results

The t Test Compared with a t test for independent groups, a t test for matched groups almost always

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Statistics for Two Group Experiments When you obtain ordinal data from two matched groups, you should use the

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Sources of Variability Theoretically, if an independent variable has no effect in an experiment, the F ratio should be

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The t Test An inferential test like the t test is relatively robust.This means that

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The t Test We reject the null hypothesis when.

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Sources of Variability The shape of an F distribution depends on the

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Interpreting the Results We can use an analysis of covariance to

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A One-Way Analysis of Variance Calvin designed a between-subjects experiment with one independent variable with four levels.There are 15 subjects in each condition.There are ____ degrees of freedom for between-groups variability.

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Sources of Variability The single category called error produces variability in subject data

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A One-Way Analysis of Variance Andrew designed a between-subjects experiment with one independent variable with three levels.There are 20 subjects in each condition.There are ____ degrees of freedom for within-groups variability.

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A One-Way Analysis of Variance As the degrees of freedom increase, F critical ____ and statistical power

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Interpreting the Results Tad made no specific experimental predictions and performed a post hoc test after he found that his computed F was not significant.What mistake did he commit?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The t Test An effect size of .60 means that the independent variable in our experiment accounted for approximately ___ of the variance in the dependent variable.

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Interpreting the Results We should use post hoc tests instead of a priori tests when

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A One-Way Analysis of Variance A summary table for a one-way analysis of variance shows 3 degrees of freedom between groups and 16 degrees of freedom within groups.How many treatment groups were there in this experiment?

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Analyzing Data from a Between-Subjects Factorial Experiment A main effect in a factorial experiment refers to the

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Which Test Do I Use? The level of measurement is important because it

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The t Test The term extreme refers to a computed t statistic's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Interpreting the Results If your experiment had four treatment conditions, how many post hoc tests may you perform at the p < .05 level?

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The t Test When calculating a t statistic for independent groups, the numerator is

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