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Exam 11: Single-Case Research Designs

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Question 1

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Most single-case designs involve comparing behavior during treatment to behavior during baseline. For this comparison to be meaningful, baseline behavior must be

A) different from behavior under treatment.
B) very variable.
C) increasing or decreasing only gradually.
D) stable.

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Question 2

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A third grade teacher is having trouble with a student who wants only her attention, and will not interact with the other children. The school psychologist suggests ignoring the child's attempts to get her attention and praising the child's interactions with other children. Before doing this, the teacher takes a week's worth of measures, each day, of how often the child interacts with other children. She then institutes the "ignore and praise" program for a week and measures interactions with others, then withdraws the program in the third week and again measures interactions with others. This is an example of which single-case design?

A) A-B-A design
B) interaction design
C) multiple baseline design
D) changing criterion design

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Question 3

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Ms. Margo has been treating Joey for aggression at preschool, on the playground and on the bus. She developed a special intervention that included consequences for aggressive behaviors, like losing privileges and being placed in time-out, combined with praise for cooperative and friendly behavior. She planned to do a multiple baseline study, however, after treating the aggression in the classroom, Joey's aggression dropped in the other situations too. Why?

Many single-case researchers also use a "therapeutic criterion" to evaluate the success of their treatment. They look at/for

Justin is going through his own personal program of endurance training. In the first two weeks, he rewards himself with a quarter every day he runs a complete mile. In the next two weeks, he gives himself a quarter for every two consecutive miles run. Next, he gives himself a quarter for every three consecutive miles, and so on, increasing every two weeks the number of miles he must run for each quarter. By the end of the fall semester, Justin can run 8 consecutive miles a day. This program is very much like which single-case research design?

What important assumption is required of the A-B-A withdrawal design in order to rule out rival hypotheses?

Which of the following is NOT typically considered one of the standard multiple baseline designs

Sometimes in single-case research there are cyclical variations in response rates or frequencies. What is a good way to address this problem?

In a single-case experiment that is essentially an interrupted time series, the ability to determine that the treatment has an effect

Single-case designs, by definition, do not incorporate control groups. What is the standard for comparison purposes to evaluate the treatment effects?

A psychotherapist has three clients all of whom suffer from agoraphobia. He wants to see if his new behavioral therapy is effective in treating this fear. In the beginning of his experiment, he measures number of times each client goes out in public. The next week, he starts one client on the therapy while withholding it from the other two, and, for all three clients measures number of times each goes out in public that week. Then he keeps the first client on the therapy, starts it with the second client, and again measures number of times out in public for all three. Finally, in week four he starts the therapy with the third client, so now all three are experiencing the therapy. This is an example of which kind of single-case design?

In using an interrupted time series for single-case experiments, you must assume

By including a withdrawal phase after the basic time-series design i.e making it an A-B-A design) ,

In a changing-criterion design, to demonstrate treatment effectiveness the target behavior must do which of the following?

Most researchers using single-case designs use an "experimental criterion" to tell them whether behavior has changed significantly with treatment. This involves looking for/at

The success of the changing criterion design is based on three factors. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?

A properly designed single-case interaction design will evaluate the effects of each treatment B and C) alone and in combination. Which of the following will allow this?

If a multiple-baseline design were used with three interdependent behaviors, then when treatment is imposed on the first behavior,

One disadvantage of the interaction design for single-case research is that it cannot be used if

How long should one continue a given phase baseline, treatment, return to baseline, etc) . of a single-case research project?