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Exam 1: Introduction to Biochemistry

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Question 1

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The study of the energy changes during metabolic reactions is called .

A) bioinformatics
B) metabodynamics
C) thermometrics
D) bioenergetics
E) biological heat dynamics

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Question 2

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The only reason phages are not considered to be cells is because they do not contain a plasma membrane.

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Eukaryotic cells are distinguished from prokaryotes by their usually larger size, a complex cytoskeleton and membrane-bounded organelles.

Under most biological conditions, acid groups and amino groups are fully protonated.

A peptide bond is formed by the condensation of different functional groups from two amino acids.

Fermentation in the absence of cells demonstrated that metabolic processes were chemical in nature.

All cells have kept the same general patterns of metabolism, a very similar genetic code and the same monomers or residues.

All prokaryotic cells are about 1/10 the size of an average eukaryotic cell or smaller.

Lipids aggregate to form bilayers because some lipid molecules are hydrophobic and other lipid molecules are hydrophilic.

The endoplasmic reticulum is the major site of RNA synthesis and the site of assembly of ribosomes.

The modified lock-and-key theory of enzyme action proposed by Emil Fischer has been completely replaced by more modern ideas of catalysis.

Ribosomes on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum are the site of ATP synthesis.

The diffusion of large molecules such as enzymes is significantly slowed by the presence of the cytoskeleton.

Thermodynamics and its laws are obeyed by living cells.

Functional groups describe one or more portions of organic compounds found in living cells.

Enzymes are protein catalysts that form an intermediate with a substrate that fits into it.

Actin has been shown to be one of the most evolutionarily conserved proteins. It is present in all eukaryotic cells and frequently is the most abundant protein in the cell.

A spontaneous chemical reaction always has a change.

Molecules from living cells cannot be synthesized outside of living cells.

Bioinformatics has permitted rapid advances in our understanding of structural macromolecules from living cells.