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SO2 reacts with O2 to produce SO3. If 86.0 g of SO2 is placed in a reaction vessel along with excess oxygen gas, how many moles of SO2 remain when 50.0 g of SO3 have been formed?


A) 0.56 mol
B) 0.62 mol
C) 0.72 mol
D) 0.78 mol
E) 1.34 mol

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Ethane can be formed by reacting acetylene with hydrogen. C2H2(g) + 2H2(g) ⇄ C2H6(g) ΔH°rxn = −311 kJ Under which reaction conditions would you expect to have the greatest equilibrium yield of ethane?


A) High temperature, high pressure
B) Low temperature, high pressure
C) High temperature, low pressure
D) Low temperature, low pressure
E) None of these choices are correct.

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The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction A(g) + B(g) ⇄ C(g) Is 0.76 at 150°C. If 0.800 mol of A is added to 0.600 mol of B in a 1.00-L container at 150°C, what will be the equilibrium concentration of C?


A) 0.19 M
B) 0.29 M
C) 0.36 M
D) 0.41 M
E) 0.51 M

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The reaction system POCl3(g) ⇄ POCl(g) + Cl2(g) Is at equilibrium. Which of the following statements describes the behavior of the system if the partial pressure of chlorine is reduced by 50%?


A) POCl 3 will be consumed as equilibrium is established.
B) POCl will be consumed as equilibrium is established.
C) Chlorine will be consumed as equilibrium is established.
D) The partial pressure of POCl will decrease while the partial pressure of Cl 2 increases as equilibrium is established.
E) The volume will have to decrease before equilibrium can be reestablished.

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A chemical reaction has an equilibrium constant of 2 × 106. If this reaction is at equilibrium, select the one correct conclusion that can be made about the reaction.


A) The forward and back reactions have stopped.
B) The limiting reactant has been used up.
C) The forward and reverse rate constants are equal.
D) The forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
E) None of these choices are correct.

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A container was charged with hydrogen, nitrogen, and ammonia gases at 120°C and the system was allowed to reach equilibrium. What will happen if the volume of the container is increased at constant temperature? 3H2(g) + N2(g) ⇄ 2NH3(g)


A) There will be no effect.
B) More ammonia will be produced at the expense of hydrogen and nitrogen.
C) Hydrogen and nitrogen will be produced at the expense of ammonia.
D) The equilibrium constant will increase.
E) The equilibrium constant will decrease.

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The following reaction is at equilibrium in a closed container. CuSO4.5H2O(s) ⇄ CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(g) Which, if any, of the following actions will lead to an increase in the pressure of H2O present at equilibrium?


A) Increasing the volume of the container
B) Decreasing the volume of the container
C) Adding a catalyst
D) Removing some solid CuSO 4
E) None of these choices are correct.

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A mixture of 0.500 mole of carbon monoxide and 0.400 mole of bromine was placed into a rigid 1.00-L container and the system was allowed to come to equilibrium. The equilibrium concentration of COBr2 was 0.233 M. What is the value of Kc for this reaction? CO(g) + Br2(g) ⇄ COBr2(g)


A) 5.23
B) 1.22
C) 1.165
D) 0.858
E) 0.191

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Hydrogen sulfide will react with water as shown in the following reactions. H2S(g) + H2O(l) ⇄ H3O+(aq) + HS(aq) K1 = 1.0 × 107 HS(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄ H3O+(aq) + S2(aq) K2 = ? H2S(g) + 2H2O(l) ⇄ 2H3O+(aq) + S2(aq) K3 = 1.3 × 1020 What is the value of K2?


A) 1.3 × 10 27
B) 2.3 × 10 7
C) 1.3 × 10 13
D) 7.7 × 10 12
E) 7.7 × 10 26

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Magnesium carbonate dissociates to magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures. MgCO3(s) ⇄ MgO(s) + CO2(g) A reaction vessel contains these compounds in equilibrium at 300°C. What will happen if the volume of the container is reduced by 25% at 300°C?


A) The partial pressure of carbon dioxide present at equilibrium will increase.
B) The partial pressure of carbon dioxide present at equilibrium will decrease.
C) The partial pressure of carbon dioxide at equilibrium will be unchanged.
D) The equilibrium constant will have to decrease to compensate for the decrease in volume.
E) More information is needed in order to make a valid judgment.

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For a solution equilibrium, a change in concentration of a reactant or product does not change Kc.

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Ammonium iodide dissociates reversibly to ammonia and hydrogen iodide. NH4I(s) ⇄ NH3(g) + HI(g) At 400°C, Kp = 0.215. Calculate the partial pressure of ammonia at equilibrium when a sufficient quantity of ammonium iodide is heated to 400°C.


A) 0.103 atm
B) 0.215 atm
C) 0.232 atm
D) 0.464 atm
E) 2.00 atm

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A good catalyst for a reaction will speed up the forward reaction and slow down the reverse reaction.

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Write the mass-action expression, Qc, for the following chemical reaction. Fe3+(aq) + 3OH(aq) ⇄ Fe(OH) 3(s)


A) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3OH<sup>−</sup>(aq)  ⇄ Fe(OH) <sub>3</sub>(s)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
B) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3OH<sup>−</sup>(aq)  ⇄ Fe(OH) <sub>3</sub>(s)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
C) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3OH<sup>−</sup>(aq)  ⇄ Fe(OH) <sub>3</sub>(s)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
D) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3OH<sup>−</sup>(aq)  ⇄ Fe(OH) <sub>3</sub>(s)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
E) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3OH<sup>−</sup>(aq)  ⇄ Fe(OH) <sub>3</sub>(s)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)

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There is a direct correlation between the speed of a reaction and its equilibrium constant.

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The equilibrium constant, Kp, for the reaction H2(g) + I2(g) ⇄ 2HI(g) Is 55.2 at 425°C. A rigid cylinder at that temperature contains 0.127 atm of hydrogen, 0.134 atm of iodine, and 1.055 atm of hydrogen iodide. Is the system at equilibrium?


A) Yes.
B) No, the forward reaction must proceed to establish equilibrium.
C) No, the reverse reaction must proceed to establish equilibrium.
D) Need to know the volume of the container before deciding.
E) Need to know the starting concentrations of all substances before deciding.

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The following reaction, in CCl4 solvent, has been studied at 25°C. 2BrCl ⇄ Br2 + Cl2 The equilibrium constant Kc is known to be 0.141. If the initial concentration of chlorine is 0.0300 M and of bromine monochloride is 0.0200 M, what is the equilibrium concentration of bromine?


A) 1.35 × 10 3 M
B) 2.70 × 10 3 M
C) 8.82 × 10 3 M
D) 9.70 × 10 2 M
E) None of these choices are correct.

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Write the mass-action expression, Qc, for the following chemical reaction. Sn2+(aq) + ½O2(g) + 3H2O(l) ⇄ SnO2(s) + 2H3O+(aq)


A) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. Sn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + ½O<sub>2</sub>(g)  + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  ⇄ SnO<sub>2</sub>(s)  + 2H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E) None of these choices are correct.
B) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. Sn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + ½O<sub>2</sub>(g)  + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  ⇄ SnO<sub>2</sub>(s)  + 2H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E) None of these choices are correct.
C) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. Sn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + ½O<sub>2</sub>(g)  + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  ⇄ SnO<sub>2</sub>(s)  + 2H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E) None of these choices are correct.
D) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. Sn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + ½O<sub>2</sub>(g)  + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  ⇄ SnO<sub>2</sub>(s)  + 2H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E) None of these choices are correct.
E) None of these choices are correct.

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Write the mass-action expression, Qc, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g) + ½Br2(g) ⇄ NOBr(g)


A) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g)  + ½Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  ⇄ NOBr(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
B) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g)  + ½Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  ⇄ NOBr(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
C) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g)  + ½Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  ⇄ NOBr(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
D) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g)  + ½Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  ⇄ NOBr(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
E) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g)  + ½Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  ⇄ NOBr(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)

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The equilibrium constant for reaction (1) below is 276. Under the same conditions, what is the equilibrium constant of reaction (2) ? (1) ½X2(g) + ½Y2(g) ⇄ XY(g) (2) 2XY(g) ⇄ X2(g) + Y2(g)


A) 6.02 × 10 2
B) 7.25 × 10 3
C) 3.62 × 10 3
D) 1.31 × 10 5
E) None of these choices are correct.

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