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Exam 4: Learning and Human Nurture

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Question 61

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One of the best therapy strategies for eliminating conditioned fears involves combining ________ in a process known as ________.

A) negative and positive reinforcement; aversion
B) arousal and stress reduction; shaping
C) conditioned and unconditioned responses; discriminatio.
D) primary and secondary reinforcers; social learning
E) extinction and relaxation; counterconditionin.

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Question 62

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One outcome demonstrated by Watson and Rayner's testing with Little Albert was that

A) operant conditioning can modify behavior.
B) the fear response may generalize to other stimuli.
C) taste aversions can be formed in young children.
D) counterconditioning is difficult.
E) spontaneous recovery can occur at the wrong time.

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Question 63

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A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his sheep. In an attempt to solve the problem, he kills a sheep and laces its body with a nausea-inducing drug. He leaves the sheep out where he knows the coyotes roam. He hopes they will learn not to eat the sheep. The farmer is attempting to apply the research of ________to accomplish this.

Imagine that you have an intense fear of flying and that that you are enrolled in a counterconditioning therapy program to help you lose this fear. Which of the following situations would GREATLY interfere with the success of this therapy for fear of flying?

The cognitive view would argue that learning

________ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner, he gets a cookie for dessert. This type of learning is BEST explained by

The ________ principle, which delays a desired reward until a less desirable activity is completed, can be useful for parents who want their children to complete certain unpleasant tasks.

When good things happen to someone, the probability of repeating the behavior that occurred before the good things increases. This best illustrates

Using the Premack principle, once you have finished studying for your next biology test, you should

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the case of Little Albert?

The linkage between a UCS and the UCR requires

Last month Walter became sick after eating two chili dogs, so he no longer likes chili dogs. Walter has experienced

Pavlov placed food in the mouths of dogs, and they began to salivate. The food acted as a(n)

The fact that food aversions are ________ poses a problem for classical conditioning theory.

After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear of rats, Watson wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. He was studying whether or not ________ had occurred.

A telemarketer is working according to a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Which of the following is an example of a rewarding consequence?

Rhesus monkeys raised in a laboratory may not have early wild exposure that will teach them to be adaptively afraid of predators, such as snakes. Galef and Laland (2005) found that the monkeys did learn this behavior when

Gertrude is about to start undergoing chemotherapy for colon cancer, and her husband is concerned that the side effects will cause her to develop a conditioned taste aversion to her favorite foods. What would be the best advice for Gertrude to avoid this outcome?