Question 1

In recombinant DNA methods, the term vector can refer to

Accepted Answer

A)   the enzyme that cuts DNA into restriction fragments.
B)   the sticky end of a DNA fragment.
C)   a SNP marker.
D)   a plasmid used to transfer DNA into a living cell.
E)   a DNA probe used to identify a particular gene.

Question 2

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
A eukaryotic gene has "sticky ends" produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The gene is added to a mixture containing EcoRI and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes conferring resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline resistance gene. This mixture is incubated for several hours, exposed to DNA ligase, and then added to bacteria growing in nutrient broth. The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original. Samples of these colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin, nutrient broth plus tetracycline, nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient broth without antibiotics.
-Bacteria that do not take up any plasmids would grow on which media?

Accepted Answer

A)   the nutrient broth only
B)   the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth
C)   the nutrient broth and the ampicillin broth
D)   the tetracycline broth and the ampicillin broth
E)   all three broths

Question 3

The DNA fragments making up a genomic library are generally contained in

Accepted Answer

A)   BACs.
B)   recombinant viral RNA.
C)   individual wells.
D)   DNA-RNA hybrids.
E)   radioactive eukaryotic cells. A

Question 4

Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is found as well in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly and the protein (PAX-6) leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pax-6 genes are identical in nucleotide sequence.
B)   PAX-6 proteins have identical amino acid sequences.
C)   Pax-6 is highly conserved and shows shared evolutionary ancestry.
D)   PAX-6 proteins are different for formation of different kinds of eyes.
E)   PAX-6 from a mouse can function in a fly, but a fly's Pax-6 gene cannot function in a mouse.

Question 5

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
A eukaryotic gene has "sticky ends" produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The gene is added to a mixture containing EcoRI and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes conferring resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline resistance gene. This mixture is incubated for several hours, exposed to DNA ligase, and then added to bacteria growing in nutrient broth. The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original. Samples of these colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin, nutrient broth plus tetracycline, nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient broth without antibiotics.
-Bacteria that contain the plasmid, but not the eukaryotic gene, would grow

Accepted Answer

A)   in the nutrient broth plus ampicillin, but not in the broth containing tetracycline.
B)   only in the broth containing both antibiotics.
C)   in the broth containing tetracycline, but not in the broth containing ampicillin.
D)   in all four types of broth.
E)   in the nutrient broth without antibiotics only.

Question 6

Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA fragments are too small to use individually.
B)   A gene may represent only a millionth of the cell's DNA.
C)   Restriction enzymes cut DNA into fragments that are too small.
D)   A clone requires multiple copies of each gene per clone.
E)   It is important to have multiple copies of DNA in the case of laboratory error.

Question 7

To introduce a particular piece of DNA into an animal cell, such as that of a mouse, you would find more probable success with which of the following methods?

Accepted Answer

A)   the shotgun approach
B)   electroporation followed by recombination
C)   introducing a plasmid into the cell
D)   infecting the mouse cell with a Ti plasmid
E)   transcription and translation

Question 8

Why might a laboratory be using dideoxy nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)   to separate DNA fragments
B)   to clone the breakpoints of cut DNA
C)   to produce cDNA from mRNA
D)   to sequence a DNA fragment
E)   to visualize DNA expression

Question 9

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
Pharmacogenetics is an increasingly important discipline that uses genetic information to tailor the prescription of drug treatments to individuals. In the case of chemotherapy for breast cancer, for example, different patients need and/or respond to different treatments.
-Patients whose tumors are HER-2 positive respond to herceptin whereas other patients do not. Patients whose tumors have estrogen receptors will be best served if

Accepted Answer

A)   their estrogen receptors are blocked by using RNAi.
B)   their estrogen release is activated and/or elevated.
C)   the estrogen receptors are blocked by other molecules that can use the same receptors.
D)   they are given herceptin as well as estrogen.
E)   they are given a complete hysterectomy.

Question 10

What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium?
I.Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule.
II.Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes.
III.Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells.
IV.Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA fragments.
V.Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)   I, II, IV, III, V
B)   II, III, V, IV, I
C)   III, II, IV, V, I
D)   III, IV, V, I, II
E)   IV, V, I, II, III

Question 11

Scientists developed a set of guidelines to address the safety of DNA technology. Which of the following is one of the adopted safety measures?

Accepted Answer

A)   Microorganisms used in recombinant DNA experiments are genetically crippled to ensure that they cannot survive outside of the laboratory.
B)   Genetically modified organisms are not allowed to be part of our food supply.
C)   Transgenic plants are engineered so that the plant genes cannot hybridize.
D)   Experiments involving HIV or other potentially dangerous viruses have been banned.
E)   Recombinant plasmids cannot be replicated.

Question 12

A gene that contains introns can be made shorter (but remain functional) for genetic engineering purposes by using

Accepted Answer

A)   RNA polymerase to transcribe the gene.
B)   a restriction enzyme to cut the gene into shorter pieces.
C)   reverse transcriptase to reconstruct the gene from its mRNA.
D)   DNA polymerase to reconstruct the gene from its polypeptide product.
E)   DNA ligase to put together fragments of the DNA that code for a particular polypeptide.

Question 13

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
A eukaryotic gene has "sticky ends" produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The gene is added to a mixture containing EcoRI and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes conferring resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline resistance gene. This mixture is incubated for several hours, exposed to DNA ligase, and then added to bacteria growing in nutrient broth. The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original. Samples of these colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin, nutrient broth plus tetracycline, nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient broth without antibiotics.
-Bacteria containing a plasmid into which the eukaryotic gene has integrated would grow in

Accepted Answer

A)   the nutrient broth only.
B)   the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth only.
C)   the nutrient broth, the ampicillin broth, and the tetracycline broth.
D)   all four types of broth.
E)   the ampicillin broth and the nutrient broth.

Question 14

A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct dodo (a bird) . To compare a specific region of the DNA from the sample with DNA from living birds, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA available for testing?

Accepted Answer

A)   RFLP analysis
B)   polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
C)   electroporation
D)   gel electrophoresis
E)   Southern blotting

Question 15

Assume that you are trying to insert a gene into a plasmid. Someone gives you a preparation of genomic DNA that has been cut with restriction enzyme X. The gene you wish to insert has sites on both ends for cutting by restriction enzyme Y. You have a plasmid with a single site for Y, but not for X. Your strategy should be to

Accepted Answer

A)   insert the fragments cut with restriction enzyme X directly into the plasmid without cutting the plasmid.
B)   cut the plasmid with restriction enzyme X and insert the fragments cut with restriction enzyme Y into the plasmid.
C)   cut the DNA again with restriction enzyme Y and insert these fragments into the plasmid cut with the same enzyme.
D)   cut the plasmid twice with restriction enzyme Y and ligate the two fragments onto the ends of the DNA fragments cut with restriction enzyme X.
E)   cut the plasmid with restriction enzyme X and then insert the gene into the plasmid. C

Question 16

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because

Accepted Answer

A)   plant genes do not contain introns.
B)   more vectors are available for transferring recombinant DNA into plant cells.
C)   a somatic plant cell can often give rise to a complete plant.
D)   genes can be inserted into plant cells by microinjection.
E)   plant cells have larger nuclei.

Question 17

Which of the following is used to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   restriction enzymes
B)   gene cloning
C)   DNA ligase
D)   gel electrophoresis
E)   reverse transcriptase

Question 18

Genetically engineered plants

Accepted Answer

A)   are more difficult to engineer than animals.
B)   include a transgenic rice plant that can help prevent vitamin A deficiency.
C)   are being rapidly developed, but traditional plant breeding programs are still the only method used to develop new plants.
D)   are able to fix nitrogen themselves.
E)   are banned throughout the world.

Question 19

In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reproductive cloning uses totipotent cells, whereas therapeutic cloning does not.
B)   Reproductive cloning uses embryonic stem cells, whereas therapeutic cloning does not.
C)   Therapeutic cloning uses nuclei of adult cells transplanted into enucleated nonfertilized eggs.
D)   Therapeutic cloning supplies cells for repair of diseased or injured organs. D

Question 20

Which of the following tools of recombinant DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

Accepted Answer

A)   restriction enzyme-analysis of RFLPs
B)   DNA ligase-cutting DNA, creating sticky ends of restriction fragments
C)   DNA polymerase-polymerase chain reaction to amplify sections of DNA
D)   reverse transcriptase-production of cDNA from mRNA
E)   electrophoresis-separation of DNA fragments

Exam 20: Biotechnology

In recombinant DNA methods, the term vector can refer to

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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The DNA fragments making up a genomic library are generally contained in

Correct Answer
verified
A

Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is found as well in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly and the protein (PAX-6) leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?

Correct Answer
verified

To introduce a particular piece of DNA into an animal cell, such as that of a mouse, you would find more probable success with which of the following methods?

Correct Answer
verified

Why might a laboratory be using dideoxy nucleotides?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Scientists developed a set of guidelines to address the safety of DNA technology. Which of the following is one of the adopted safety measures?

Correct Answer
verified

A gene that contains introns can be made shorter (but remain functional) for genetic engineering purposes by using

Correct Answer
verified

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C

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is used to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?

Correct Answer
verified

Genetically engineered plants

Correct Answer
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In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

Correct Answer
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D

Which of the following tools of recombinant DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 20: Biotechnology

In recombinant DNA methods, the term vector can refer to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The DNA fragments making up a genomic library are generally contained in

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is found as well in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly and the protein (PAX-6) leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To introduce a particular piece of DNA into an animal cell, such as that of a mouse, you would find more probable success with which of the following methods?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why might a laboratory be using dideoxy nucleotides?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists developed a set of guidelines to address the safety of DNA technology. Which of the following is one of the adopted safety measures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A gene that contains introns can be made shorter (but remain functional) for genetic engineering purposes by using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is used to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genetically engineered plants

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which of the following tools of recombinant DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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C

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D

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