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Exam 12: The Correlational Research Strategy.

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Question 21

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Which research design is commonly used to help establish the reliability or validity of a measurement procedure?

A) ​observational research design
B) ​survey research design
C) case study design
D) ​correlational design

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Question 22

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A scatter plot shows a set of data points that are clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right.Which value would be closest to the correlation for these data?

A) ​0.80
B) ​0.40
C) -0.40
D) ​-0.80

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Question 23

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A researcher watches children on a playground to obtain measurements of their level of activity.Then the researcher watches the children's caregivers on the playground to obtain measurements of their level of verbal reprimanding of children.The researcher hopes to demonstrate that the caregivers verbal reprimanding is related to children's activity level.This researcher is using a ____ research strategy.

To establish the concurrent validity of a measure,of academic motivation a researcher examines the ____.​

A researcher conducts a survey examining eating and sleeping behavior as well as academic performance for a group of elementary school children.The results of the survey indicate that the children who eat a more nutritious breakfast tend to have better grades than the children who have a breakfast low in nutrition.However,the research suspects that the children's parents may be responsible for this relationship.Specifically,the better-educated parents probably encourage their children to eat better food and work harder in school compared to parents with less education.If the researcher is correct,this is an example of the ____.

Suppose it was observed that there is a correlation of r = -0.81 between a driver's age and the cost of the car insurance.This correlation would mean that,in general,older people pay more for car insurance.

A researcher knows that there is a relationship between obesity and watching television for young children.However,it is not known whether children watch more TV because they are overweight,or whether they are overweight because they watch so much TV.This is an example of the third-variable problem.

With a very large sample,even a very small correlation can be statistically significant,

The coefficient of determination is computed by taking the square root of the correlation coefficient.

Which set of correlations correctly shows the highest to lowest degree of relationship?

In a scatter plot,each ____.

If there is a consistent relationship between two variables such that Y tends to decrease each time X decreases,but not a linear relationship,then which correlation is designed to measure the consistency of the relationship?

A positive value for a correlation indicates ____.

A statistically significant correlation means that ____.

Which pair of variables should produce a negative relationship?

The results from a research study indicate that adolescents who watch more sexual content on television also tend to engage in more sexual behavior that their peers.The correlation between amount of TV sexual content and amount of sexual behavior is an example of a ____.

A statistically significant correlation means that the correlation is large and strong.

The goal of the correlational research strategy is demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.

A defining characteristic of the correlational study is that the ____.

Describe the third-variable problem and the directionality problem in correlational research.Explain how these problems make it impossible to obtain an unambiguous cause-and-effect conclusion from a correlational study.