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Exam 2: The History of Juvenile Justice and Todays Juvenile Courts

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following refers to the process by which impoverished and troubled youths from urban east coast cities were rounded up, boarded on trains, and sent to western states?

A) rounding out
B) bounding out
C) placing out
D) shipping out

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Question 32

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During the 1800s, many of the reformers supporting the establishment and expansion of the Houses of Refuge were ______.

A) wealthy conservatives
B) wealthy liberals
C) poor civil servants
D) poor moderates

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Question 33

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Discuss the development of the concept of a super-predator class of adolescent offender. What lead to the development of this new class of offender? Were the predictions about the super-predators justified? How did the concept of a super-predator class of youthful offender impact juvenile justice systems in the United States.?

Early juvenile courts did not rely on outside advisors (e.g., psychologists, social workers, etc.) to guide decision-making.

The reform schools of the late 1800s were primarily used by Black youth.

Well into the 1800s, legal matters concerning children were handled by the adult civil courts.

Which of the following was true of juvenile justice immediately prior to the Gault decision?

Child labor laws limiting work and promoting mandatory attendance were established during the first part of the 20th century.

While the efforts of the mid to late 1800s tried to improve the lives of wayward children, all legal matters continued to be handled by the ______, achieving haphazard outcome in decreasing delinquency or offending behaviors across communities.

During the tough on crime juvenile justice era, a number of states revised their transfer and waiver criteria laws to make it easier to waive a juvenile to adult court.

______ incorporated education along with efforts to reform youth.

Early juvenile courts treated delinquency as a ______.

Which of the following were designed as small, rural, cottage-like homes run by parental figures who worked to educate and care for youth?

One of the most active independent foundations in seeking juvenile justice reform is the Carnegie Foundation.

The intention of the court in the case of In re Gault was to ______.

During the first part of the 20th century, states began to ______.

Which of the following is a factor that led to the creation of the Houses of Refuge in the 1800s?

Following the Gault decision, the new focus on due process resulted in a juvenile justice system that is oriented toward ______ as a means of addressing delinquency.

Which of the following philosophies supported the work of the Houses of Refuges to serve the best interests of the children?