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Exam 1: Tiinking Critically With Psychological Science

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Question 81

Multiple Choice

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The median of a distribution of scores is the

A) most frequently occurring score.
B) difference between the highest and lowest scores.
C) arithmetic average of all the scores.
D) middle score in a distribution of scores.

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Question 82

Multiple Choice

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If psychologists discovered that more intelligent parents have smarter children than less intelligent parents, this would demonstrate that

A) intelligence is inherited.
B) more intelligent parents provide their children with greater educational
C) opportunities than do less intelligent parents.
D) the intelligence of parents and children is positively correlated.
E) all of these statements are correct.

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Question 83

Multiple Choice

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Website polls and call-in phone surveys often yield unrepresentative results because they fail to use

In a single day, 45 babies were born in hospital X, 65 babies in hospital Y, and 25 babies in hospital Z. At which hospital is there the greatest probability that more than 60 percent of the babies are of the same sex?

To decide whether observed differences between samples reflect actual differences between populations, you should determine the ________ of the observed differences.

Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using a research method known as

One research team randomly assigned some newborns and their mothers either to a breast-feeding promotion group or to a normal pediatric care group. Which research method did they use?

Two students in an art class are at least 20 years older than the others. Which measure of variation of class members' ages is most affected by the ages of these two students?

The experiment is a research method in which

Researchers make no effort to manipulate or control variables when they engage in

People often fail to make accurate generalizations because they are unduly influenced by ________ cases.

Professor Delano suggests that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in getting a job. The professor's prediction regarding employment success is an example of

The procedure designed to ensure that the experimental and control groups do not differ in any way that might affect the experiment's results is called

A statistically significant difference between two sample groups is NOT likely to be

In a psychological experiment, researchers are interested in studying the potential effects of the ________ variable.

In an experiment to determine the effects of attention on memory, memory is the

A psychologist wants to be sure that her research findings do not result from age or personality differences between participants in the experimental and control groups. She should use

Slender women are considered especially beautiful in one country; in another country, stout women are seen as particularly attractive. In both countries, however, women perceived as very beautiful receive preferential treatment. This best illustrates that ________ often underlie cultural differences.

If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are

The personal values of psychologists are likely to influence their choice of