Question 1

Which of the following is used to image the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)   (18O) 
B)   (131I) 
C)   (123I) 
D)   (24Na) 
E)   (99Tc)

Question 2

Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fission occurs among the heaviest isotopes, whereas fusion occurs more readily for light isotopes.
B)   The mass defect (Δm)  for a fission reaction is negative, whereas Δm for fusion is positive.
C)   In order for fusion reactions to occur, temperatures must be in the millions of degrees.
D)   The fission of Pu-239 atoms produces isotopes of many different elements.
E)   Neutron-induced fission processes can occur at room temperature, rather than at millions of degrees.

Question 3

Why is carbon dating possible?

Accepted Answer

A)   The amount of C-12 is not variable in living organisms.
B)   There is a constant ratio of C-12 to C-14 in living organisms but the ratio changes at a predictable rate after an organism dies.
C)   The amount of C-14 is constant in living organisms.
D)   None of these choices.

Question 4

The nuclear binding energy per nucleon is defined by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   2 × (# nucleons)  
C)       
D)   (# nucleons) 2 × (mol of nucleons)  
E)   None of the answers is correct." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 2 × (# nucleons)  
C)       
D)   (# nucleons) 2 × (mol of nucleons)  
E)   None of the answers is correct." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >
B)   (Nuclear binding energy) 2 × (# nucleons) 
C)   2 × (# nucleons)  
C)       
D)   (# nucleons) 2 × (mol of nucleons)  
E)   None of the answers is correct." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 2 × (# nucleons)  
C)       
D)   (# nucleons) 2 × (mol of nucleons)  
E)   None of the answers is correct." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >
D)   (# nucleons) 2 × (mol of nucleons) 
E)   None of the answers is correct.

Question 5

A 55-kg person exposed to thorium-234 receives 7.5 × 104 β particles, each with an energy of 1.6 × 10-14 J. How many rads does the person receive?

Accepted Answer

A)   2.1 × 10-19 rads
B)   1.2 × 10-17 rads
C)   2.2 × 10-9 rads
D)   1.2 × 10-9 rads
E)   None of these choices is correct.

Question 6

What technique would you use to determine how old a cloth is that was found while digging in Egypt?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What technique would you use to determine...

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents positron decay of  ?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 8

What is the total binding energy of 12C? [12C atomic mass = 12.000 amu; mass of proton = 1.007825 amu; mass of neutron = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg = 6.022 x 1026 amu; 1 J = 1 (kg•m2) /s2]?

Accepted Answer

A)   1.80 x 10-9 J
B)   1.48 x 10-8 J
C)   3.60 x 10-9 J
D)   8.91 x 1015 J

Question 9

A radioisotope decays, producing an alpha particle and Th-234. The original radioisotope must have been an atom of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Pa
B)   Bi
C)   U
D)   Ra
E)   Rb

Question 10

In the following reaction, identify X.

Accepted Answer

A)   7β
B)   3α
C)   4n
D)   
E)   15p

Question 11

Petroleum is a fossil fuel containing many different carbon compounds. If the carbon atoms in petroleum have been in the ground for 100 million years, what fraction of the initial 14C atoms is still there? (t1/2 = 5730 yr)

Accepted Answer

A)   0
B)   1 × 10-10
C)   5.7 × 10-5
D)   1.0 × 10-3
E)   5.7 × 10-1

Question 12

How many 14C atoms are in a charcoal sample that has a decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per min? (For 14C, t1/2 = 5730 yr.)

Accepted Answer

A)   2.9 × 107 atoms
B)   8.0 × 10-7 atoms
C)   1.4 × 1014 atoms
D)   1.5 × 1013 atoms
E)   6.02 × 1020 atoms

Question 13

A plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons in various isotopes produces a "belt of stability." Isotopes below the belt of stability (i.e., with a smaller neutron-to-proton ratio) decay by beta particle emission.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A beta particle is a proton.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Nuclear fusion is the combination of small nuclei into larger ones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is the missing symbol in this plutonium fission reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 17

What element is the stable end-product of the uranium radioactive decay series?

Accepted Answer

A)   Th
B)   Pu
C)   Ra
D)   Au
E)   Pb

Question 18

Which of the following materials is put into a nuclear reactor to slow the chain reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)   Heavy water
B)   Moderators
C)   Control rods
D)   Reflectors
E)   Chlorine

Question 19

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 20

Which of the following best represents the relationship between the energy released (ΔE)  and the mass defect (Δm) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)

Exam 20: Nuclear Chemistry

A radioisotope decays, producing an alpha particle and Th-234. The original radioisotope must have been an atom of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A beta particle is a proton.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What element is the stable end-product of the uranium radioactive decay series?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What technique would you use to determine how old a cloth is that was found while digging in Egypt?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nuclear fusion is the combination of small nuclei into larger ones.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best represents the relationship between the energy released (ΔE) and the mass defect (Δm) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the total binding energy of 12C? [12C atomic mass = 12.000 amu; mass of proton = 1.007825 amu; mass of neutron = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg = 6.022 x 1026 amu; 1 J = 1 (kg•m2) /s2]?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is carbon dating possible?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the missing symbol in this plutonium fission reaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many 14C atoms are in a charcoal sample that has a decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per min? (For 14C, t1/2 = 5730 yr.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is used to image the liver?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A 55-kg person exposed to thorium-234 receives 7.5 × 104 β particles, each with an energy of 1.6 × 10-14 J. How many rads does the person receive?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the following reaction, identify X.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following materials is put into a nuclear reactor to slow the chain reaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons in various isotopes produces a "belt of stability." Isotopes below the belt of stability (i.e., with a smaller neutron-to-proton ratio) decay by beta particle emission.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Petroleum is a fossil fuel containing many different carbon compounds. If the carbon atoms in petroleum have been in the ground for 100 million years, what fraction of the initial 14C atoms is still there? (t1/2 = 5730 yr)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which equation correctly represents positron decay of ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nuclear binding energy per nucleon is defined by which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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What is the total binding energy of ¹²C? [¹²C atomic mass = 12.000 amu; mass of proton = 1.007825 amu; mass of neutron = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg = 6.022 x 10²⁶amu; 1 J = 1 (kg•m²) /s²]?

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How many ¹⁴C atoms are in a charcoal sample that has a decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per min? (For ¹⁴C, t_1/2 = 5730 yr.)

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A 55-kg person exposed to thorium-234 receives 7.5 × 10⁴ β particles, each with an energy of 1.6 × 10^-14 J. How many rads does the person receive?

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Petroleum is a fossil fuel containing many different carbon compounds. If the carbon atoms in petroleum have been in the ground for 100 million years, what fraction of the initial ¹⁴C atoms is still there? (t_1/2= 5730 yr)

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