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Sand grains move over the crest and down the _____________ on active sand dunes.


A) bedding planes
B) windward side
C) direction of dune migration
D) slip face

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Why are dust storms toxic in the Owens Valley area today?


A) because the dust is naturally toxic
B) because the area is downwind of other polluted areas
C) because of agricultural chemicals
D) because of heavy industrial polluters in the area

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  -Referring to the figure, which desert is in North America? A) Great Basin Desert B) Great Victoria Desert C) Patagonian Desert D) the Sahara -Referring to the figure, which desert is in North America?


A) Great Basin Desert
B) Great Victoria Desert
C) Patagonian Desert
D) the Sahara

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A __________ is an elongated ridge formed by sand abrasion in the desert.


A) pedestal rock
B) blowout depression
C) dune
D) yardang

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In recent years Mono Lake's water level has been rising because of improved management of its water resources.

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When the dip of sedimentary rocks is less than 30 degrees, a(n) __________ forms.


A) mesa
B) cuesta
C) hogback
D) inselberg

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How long has the Rub' al Khali erg been active?


A) 10,000 years
B) 100,000 years
C) 500,000 years
D) over 1 million years

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When did water diversions from Owens Lake begin?


A) 1900
B) 1913
C) 1926
D) 1953

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Desertification is both natural and anthropogenic conversion of arid lands to desert.

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  -In the figure, longitudinal dunes are shown in which box? A) A B) C C) D D) E -In the figure, longitudinal dunes are shown in which box?


A) A
B) C
C) D
D) E

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Antofagasta is dry due to the influence of the subpolar low.

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Eolian erosion and deposition sorts particles by their sizes.

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Mesa-and-butte terrain forms only in sedimentary rocks.

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A __________ is a flat-topped area that is wider than it is tall.


A) mesa
B) butte
C) chimney
D) mesa-and-butte terrain

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Erosion of sandstone creates what?


A) rock varnish
B) quartz sand
C) ventifacts
D) a pedestal rock

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Dust storms in Owens Lake contain chromium, cadmium, and arsenic.

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  - Summer insolation  was highest how many years ago, according to this graph? A) 5,000 B) 10,000 C) 15,000 D) 20,000 -"Summer insolation" was highest how many years ago, according to this graph?


A) 5,000
B) 10,000
C) 15,000
D) 20,000

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Sand dunes are found only in deserts.

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Dust in Owens Valley today is about 30% salt.

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Which causes the most widespread aridity geographically?


A) the subtropical high-pressure system
B) mountain rain shadows
C) cold and dry continental air
D) cold ocean currents

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